Settlement (Yr 10) Flashcards
Who’s urban areas are growing the fastest?
MEDC or LEDC?
Although both types of countries are increasing in population, LEDCs have the highest population increase in urban areas.
What is urbanisation?
The process through which an increasing percentage of a country’s population lives in urban areas compared to rural areas.
The growth in population, buildings, industry and density of an area.
How has the distribution of the worlds largest cities changed over the years?
It used to be in more western countries and in the MEDC north however they have begun to spread to Asia and more to the LEDC south.
Why are LEDC cities growing?
People hope for / expect better housing,jobs and care in these cities.
Migration within a country from rural to urban areas
People living in rural areas are also increasing so it’s hard to sustain a living by (by farming etc)
Farming becomes unsustainable as trees are cut down, leading to soil erosion and land which can’t be used.
Some more reliable jobs are in cities
Wars cause issues meaning people can’t stay in the rural areas they live
What are the problems with rapid urbanisation in an LEDC?
People building own homes - on the outskirts of the city.
People live on land that doesn’t belong to them.
Homes can easily be lost.
No electricity.
No sewerage.
No social security or unemployment payments - work to survive.
As human waste is often dumped in rivers there is a high risk of disease.
Give an example of a LEDC country who’s urban areas are growing
Rio de Janeiro
Case study:
How is Rio de Janeiro fast growing?
People migrate from rural to urban areas in hope for better jobs, homes and money.
Rural farming is becoming unsustainable and, as rural population increases, it’s harder to grow and sell produce.
The average house price has increased by 165%.
The monthly rental price for a two bedroom home had doubled in the past year to 900 reals because more outsiders were moving in.
People are forced out of rural areas by companies e.g. McDonalds.
Case study:
What are the problems with Rio’s fast growth?
The sea and hills make it hard for Rio to expand as there’s little space.
High unemployment
People who arrive don’t have anywhere to live so they stay in shanty towns.
Favelas have high crime rates, poor conditions and are very busy and over crowded.
They don’t own the land so their homes can be taken from them easily.
Case study:
How can Rio be improved?
More jobs should be set up in the rural areas.
Improve the favelas
Improve the rural areas
Move out of Rio to places like Barra
Self help schemes
Site and service schemes
Case study:
What are self help schemes?
(For existing favelas) helping one another
Electricity and water pipes have been improved in Rocinha.
Businesses are being set up (informal sector)
Street lighting
Houses using brick instead of wood
Case study:
What are site and service schemes?
(New favelas)
Development of new land divided into plots which have electricity, water, sewers and roads.
New comers rent a plot and build what they can afford.
Government advice given
Case study:
What are the advantages and disadvantages of site and service schemes?
Adv:
Cheaper for government than building new homes.
Houses are built better.
Water and sanitation reduces risk of diseases spreading.
Dis:
Hard to provide land.
Unemployed families can’t afford rent.
Located away from cities (away from places of work).
What is a commuter range?
The distance people will travel from their home to places of work.
What is housing association?
An organisation that manages the building of houses for local people.
What is rurbanisation?
The process of bringing features of a city to a rural area.
What’s a dormitory village?
A village where the majority of people live/sleep but don’t actually work in the nearby/surrounding areas so they must travel to get to work.
What are the benefits of people moving to rural areas (from cities) ?
Better housing and quality of homes -
Improved roads and city access -
Interdependence between neighbouring towns.
Increase in the number of houses and buildings -
Increase in jobs and services - she and leisure - public areas can be set up where the environment is better cared for.
Locals can benefit by getting more jobs and more facilities available.
What is counterurbanisation?
What are the reasons for counterurbanisation?
It’s literally the opposite of urbanisation.
It’s the movement of people from urban to rural areas.
This may be due to rural areas having lower crime rates and more security.
People like the greenery and scenery.
Some rural schools have higher results than city schools.
What are the social, environmental and economic impacts of counterurbanisation on rural communities?
Social: commuters don’t integrate into village life. Long term residents don’t welcome newcomers and village traditions decline.
Environmental: larger population means more traffic and noise pollution. More housing means there may need to be building on greenfield sites.
Economic: people moving to rural areas are often well-off or retired people who push up the prices which leads to a lack of affordable housing that younger people won’t be able to afford.
People who prefer using urban city facilities can lead to the closing down of local shops and businesses.
