Development Flashcards
What is the MEDC north and LEDC south?
A line separating the MEDC countries and the LEDC countries with countries like Canada, USA, Europe, Russia and Australia in the north.
What factors do the development of a country depend on?
GNP / GNI - (gross national income) Doctors per hundred Literacy rates Population Birth and death rates Life expectancy Etc.
What is development?
The growth of places
What is the standard of living?
People’s level of wealth within a place.
What is the GNP per capita?
The measurement of a country’s wealth.
What is quality of life?
Quality if life is a person’s satisfaction; your personal satisfaction (or de-satisfaction) with the conditions under where you live.
What’s the standard of living in MEDCs and LEDCs?
MEDC - high standard if living
LEDC - low standard of living
What is poverty?
The state of being extremely poor. Living on bare minimum. Poor standards and conditions.
What slows the development of LEDCs?
Poor education Inequality - low status of women Unfair trade War Ill health and disease Debt
What are the advantages of sustainable development?
It doesn’t harm the present or future environment.
It improves ways of life without threatening it.
It’s sensible development.
We can benefit now and in the future.
It’s useful for everyone.
It provides people with life skills so they don’t rely on us any more.
It uses natural resources without wasting them.
What are primary goods?
Low value products like timber, minerals, food etc.
What are manufactured goods?
High value products such as machinery, cars and electrical products.
How does trade affect development?
The trading which countries do can make money so that a country can develop and improve.
This means that countries that export manufactured goods like USA make more money which is a reason why they are so developed.
Some countries trade with each other at certain prices to block other countries.
What’s interdependence?
Interdependence is when countries work or rely in each other, e.g. Trading apples for bananas as it is something the country may not be able to have (as there’s no bananas in England).
Why do developed countries become richer and developing countries become poorer?
Developed countries export manufactured goods which are expensive and therefore are paid a lot whereas developing countries sell primary goods which have a relatively low value.
What issues do some LEDCs have with their exports?
They often rely on 1 source of money/export, e.g. Ghana and cocoa, so if the crops fail, they will have no source of money.
What is bilateral aid?
Aid given from a rich government to a poor government.
LEDCs can benefit as it can result in the development of the poor country’s industry, public services, economic growth and political and economic stability however the government may use the money unnecessarily e.g. On defence and military.
Also, there are often conditions or ‘strings’ attached i.e. The poor country must buy products from the MEDC which can result in further debt.
What’s multilateral aid?
Rich governments contribute to international organisations e.g. UNICEF but, although there should be no ties, there increasingly are.
What’s NGO (aid)?
Standing for non-governmental organisations, it’s voluntary and is money and help from charities and groups, such as Oxfam, which people can benefit from both short term (disasters) and long term (development projects).
What does densely populated mean?
And area with lots of people.
e.g. India, New York, Beijing, Monaco etc.
What does sparsely populated mean?
An area with very few people (spread out).
e.g. Canada, Alaska, Russia etc.
What’s a population pyramid?
A population pyramid shows the gender and age that makes a population. It shows you how many old and young people as well as how many males and females there are.
It helps to understand the birth and death rates or a country.
How can you tell an LEDC and MEDC population pyramid apart.
They look different as MEDCs will have more equal results along the years however a LEDC has a small amount at the top of the pyramid (meaning high death rate) and large base (meaning high birth rate) which shows there’s little control.
Why are LEDC pyramids called triangle shaped LEDC?
Because a LEDC has a small amount at the top of the pyramid (meaning high death rate) and large base (meaning high birth rate). This is associated with LEDCs as LEDCs have poor healthcare which is why they have a higher death rate and they don’t have contraception available everywhere which is why there’s a high birth rate.
What does birth rate mean?
The number of people born in a country each year, per 1000 of the population.
What does death rate mean?
The number of people who die in a country per year per 1000 people.
What does natural increase mean?
When more people are being born than die each year. The bigger the gap (between birth and death rates) the faster the increase.
What happens if, in a year, there are more births than deaths?
The population increases.
What happens if, in a year, there are less births than deaths?
The population decreases.
What happens if, in a year, there are the same amount of births as deaths?
The population stays the same
What are reasons for population change, especially in the UK.
Immigration Living conditions Medicines Hospitals Housing Education Women going to university Sewerage and drinking water Contraception Busy parents Expensive cost for child care
What’s grey power?
That older people are settling into villages where no one under 45 will be allowed to live. They must be 50+ and have £100,000 in the bank. There they wouldn’t have to pay for the cost of schooling, street crime or childcare.
What are millennium development goals.
Goals that aim to halve world poverty.
What does GNP mean?
Gross national product
The total monetary value of all goods and services produced in a country within a year.
It’s a measure of a country’s economic performance.
Economic piece of data involving GDP and any income earned by residents.
What’s GDP?
Gross domestic product.
An indicator of the economic health of a country.
The value of the products produced in a country.
What are primary jobs?
The retrieval and production of raw materials (e.g. Coal, corn, iron, wood, rubber and fish) a.k.a extractive production.
Jobs include fishing, farming and mining.
What are secondary jobs?
The process of assembly and manufacturing. It involves transforming raw materials into components and goods e.g. Oil into plastic. (Assembly involves assembling the product e.g. Builders)
Jobs involve builders, manufacturers, dress makers.
What are tertiary jobs?
Jobs which provide a service.
Services supplying consumers and businesses.
Referring to the commercial services supporting the process of production and distribution.
Jobs include advertising, lawyers, insurance, teaching and healthcare.
Should we help countries to develop?
Yes:
There needs to be sustainable development
Many people - children - living in poverty
We should eliminate suffering
No:
It can lead to LEDCs relying on us
Can lead us into debt or the money could be spent else where
They may waste it
