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Scar 2F03 > Setsuwa > Flashcards

Setsuwa Flashcards

1
Q

Nihon Ryōiki

A
  • Record of Miraculous Events in Japan
  • one of Japan’s first major collections of setsuwa
  • focuses greatly on karmic retribution
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2
Q

setsuwa

A
  • literal meaning: spoken story
  • anecdotes
  • stories that were orally spoken and then written down
  • short and sweet, plot-driven, element of surprise, educational
  • usually exist in multiple variations, as they are told and then written down. this repeated process eventually leads to different versions
  • presumes a narrator and a listener, but not an author
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3
Q

what does Nihon Ryōiki teach?

A
  • both good and bad deeds have direct consequences in this life or the next
  • disease is the punishment for sin. often karmic retribution is granted via disease
  • morals taught in this work are necessary in changing times to save people from their sins
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4
Q

record of miraculous events in Japan: language

A
  • earliest major collection of setsuwa

- written in Chinese-style prose

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5
Q

record of miraculous events in Japan: arrangement

A
  • 116 stories in 3 volumes
  • pre-nara has 4 stories
  • tenpyō era is volume 2
  • post-tenpyō era is volume 3
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6
Q

record of miraculous events in Japan: background motivations

A
  • mappō “ the last days of the dharma”
  • 500 years of True Dharma
  • 1 000 years of Counterfeit Dharma
  • 10 000 years of Degenerative Dharma
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7
Q

Mahāyāna Buddhism

A
  • great vehicle
  • found in east Asia
  • emphasis on other-power, faith, devotion
  • bodhisattvas with Slavic powers, multiple buddhas
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8
Q

Hīnayāna buddhism

A
  • inferior vehicle
  • also known as mainstream buddhism
  • found in south asia
  • emphasis on self-power, motivation, etc
  • arhats, self-enlightened ones, Buddha
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9
Q

popular Mahāyāna sūtras

A

lotus, nirvana, heart

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10
Q

5 sins of immediate karmic retribution

A

1) killing mother
2) killing father
3) killing arhat
4) shedding the blood of a Buddha
5) schisms in the community

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11
Q

5 ways to avoid rebirth in one of the hells

A

copy sūtras, do not slander/abuse monks, do not kill animals, never touch the temple’s goods, do not die owing temples

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12
Q

what are the 5 lay precepts to maintain?

A

avoid taking life, theft, sexual misconduct, lies, alcohol

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13
Q

buddhist hells

A
  • 8 hot hells, 8 cold hells
  • each hell has 4 sides
  • each side has 4 entrances
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14
Q

bodhisattva

A
  • one who strives for an awakening
  • this has a different meanings in the two types of buddhism
  • mainstream buddhism: refers to the Buddha before he becomes the Buddha, i.e. his life during his spiritual/religious quest
  • Mahāyāna buddhism: refers to salvic figures who have postponed their own awakenings to remain in this world and help all living beings
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15
Q

setsuwa-shū

A

collection of setsuwa

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16
Q

Konjaku monogatari-shu

A
  • Tales of Times Now Past
  • completed in ca. 1120 in late Heian
  • made up of mixed Japanese and Chinese prose
  • 31 books/scrolls with 3 of them missing
  • tales divided into buddhism (2/3) and secular (1/3)
  • around 1093 stories
  • all stories begin with “Once long ago” (i.e. Ima wa mukashi)
17
Q

how many sections are in Konjaku monogatari-shu and what are they?

A

3 sections: India (5), china (5), Japan (21)

18
Q

what are some themes in Konjaku monogatari-shu?

A
  • efficacy of reciting the Lotus Sūtra
  • the belief in the power of Buddhism to protect human beings from disaster is stressed
  • ongaeshi (repaying gratitude)
  • hōjō (releasing sentiment + beings)
19
Q

dragon kings/nāgā rājas

A

can control weather/climate

20
Q

what are two ways in which the Buddha was depicted?

A

iconic and an-iconic

21
Q

iconic

A

present in bodily form. (ex: buddha in the picture)

22
Q

an-iconic

A

not physically present; homage. (Ex: image of people praying. we know they are praying to the buddha and that the buddha is there even though it is not visible)

23
Q

3 key elements to understanding setsuwa

A

1) the act of narration
2) the act of writing, which records the spoken story or rewrites an earlier one
3) the act of editing, which brings together the stories in a certain order by topic

24
Q

round-table

A
  • form of setsuwa in the heian and medieval period

- people took turns telling stories with a listener who was an aristocrat and who could write

25
Q

all-night storytelling

A

form of setsuwa in the heian and medieval period

26
Q

heia monogatari

A

setsuwa was also used in court. “court tales”

27
Q

what was setsuwa considered as in medival and edo periods?

A

historical records

28
Q

one-horned astetic

A
  • pits astetic’s life against erotic lure
  • astetic was known as a holy being
  • did not like rain. so he captured the dragon kings and caused a drought for years
  • no one could say anything out of respect for the astetic
  • king decided to send a woman to lure him so he could loose his powers
  • astetic did this and he lost all his powers
  • dragon kings were free
  • woman could not walk in the rain, so the infatuated astetic carried her
29
Q

self-sacrifical rabbit

A
  • reveals the bodhisattva ideal of sacrifice
  • rabbit, monkey, and fox wanted to follow the bodhisattva way
  • the god Indra saw this and decided to test them
  • Indra changed into an old man and said told the animals he was weak and hungry
  • money and fox scavenged for food and brought it. rabbit couldn’t find anything
  • rabbit sacrificed himself by throwing himself into the fire so the old man could eat him and not starve
  • Indra placed rabbit on the moon as a reminder of his sacrifice
30
Q

lion who tore off his own flesh

A
  • sacrifice of Shakyamuni buddha
  • monkeys were starving but could not leave their babies alone because eagle might come to eat them
  • they asked the lion to take care of their babies while they hunted. lion agreed
  • lion dozed off and during that time, the eagle took the babies
  • lion tore off his own flesh so eagle could return the babies
31
Q

nine-coloured deer

A
  • example of ongaeshi combined with hōjō
  • man was drowning and the deer saved his life
  • deer asked man not to tell anyone about him or his whereabouts because they would want his hide
  • man promised he would not and kept this promise for years
  • many years later, at the mention of reward for the deer’s hides forgot and broke the promise
  • deer is shakyamuni buddha
32
Q

Indra

A

god; lives at the top of the mountain

33
Q

wang zhaojun

A

women who’s honesty cost her her life. had to go live with the barbarians because she would not lie

34
Q

jataka

A
  • depiction of Buddha’s past lives

- exhibits some sort of virtue

Scar 2F03 (8 decks)

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