Set 6 - Psych-Socio Quizlet Export

Question 1

Divided Attention

Answer 1

Splits perceptual resources between multiple stimuli or behaviors.

Question 2

Bottom-Up Processing

Answer 2

Processing that involves the construction of perceptions from individual pieces of information provided by sensory processing.

Question 3

Top-Down Processing

Answer 3

Processing that brings the influence of prior knowledge into play to make perception more efficient.

Question 4

Gestalt Principles

Answer 4

Principles that describe the top-down processing that organizes sensory information into distinct forms (nearness, similarity, common region, closure, continuity, figure & ground).

Question 5

Visual Processing

Answer 5

The interpretation of otherwise raw sensory data to produce visual perception.

Question 6

Parallel Processing

Answer 6

The use of multiple pathways to convey information about the same stimulus.

Question 7

Feature Detection

Answer 7

A process by which specialized nerve cells in the brain respond to specific features of a visual stimulus, such as lines, edges, angle, or movement.

Question 8

Circadian Rhythm

Answer 8

Regulates the body’s functions on a predictable schedule.

Question 9

Sleep Stage #1

Answer 9

Light sleep, includes alpha waves.

Question 10

Sleep Stage #2

Answer 10

Associated with bursts of brain wave activity that indicate a full transition into sleep.

Question 11

Sleep Stage #3

Answer 11

Delta waves are first seen, reflecting the transition into deep sleep.

Question 12

Sleep Stage #4

Answer 12

Deepest sleep, almost entirely delta waves.

Question 13

Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep

Answer 13

Characteristic eye movements, period of high brain activity that occurs during Stage 1 sleep. Dreaming occurs.

Question 14

Non-REM (NREM) Sleep

Answer 14

The largest proportion of sleep, brain activity is much lower.

Question 15

Sleep Disorders

Answer 15

Some aspect of sleep is abnormal, leading to negative health consequences.

Question 16

Hypnosis

Answer 16

A state of relaxation, focused attention, and increased willingness to relinquish control over one’s own actions.

Question 17

Meditation

Answer 17

An intentional, self-produced state of consciousness induced by relaxing and systematically shifting attention away from day-to-day concerns.

Question 18

Conciousness Altering Drugs

Answer 18

Drugs that affect nervous system function and psychological characteristics, such as perception, attention, and emotion.

Question 19

Stimulants

Answer 19

Drugs that raise the level of activity in the CNS. Increase the amount of monoamine neurotransmitters.

Question 20

Depressants

Answer 20

Drugs that cause a decrease of activity in the CNS.

Question 21

Hallucinogens

Answer 21

Drugs that alter sensory and perceptual experience.

Question 22

Reward Pathway

Answer 22

A particular pathway within the limbic system that is associated with both feelings of reward in day-to-day life and the feelings of pleasure that lead to cravings and addiction.

Question 23

Encoding

Answer 23

Where memory is transformed into the type of representation that is used by that particular form of memory storage.

Question 24

Sensory Memory

Answer 24

Temporary storage for incoming sensory stimuli.

Question 25

Working Memory

Answer 25

A system for temporarily storing and managing the information required to carry out complex cognitive tasks such as learning, reasoning, and comprehension.

Question 26

Long-Term Memory

Answer 26

Information held here is maintained outside of conscious awareness and can be called back into working memory when needed.

Question 27

Neural Plasticity

Answer 27

The ability of the brain’s networks of neurons and their synapses to change.

Question 28

Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)

Answer 28

A persistent increase in synaptic strength following high-frequency stimulation of a chemical synapse.

Question 29

Retrieval

Answer 29

Information stored in long-term memory can return to working memory through this process.

Question 30

Semantic Networks

Answer 30

Organize information in networks of meaningfully related memories.

Question 31

Spreading Activation

Answer 31

One item triggers an activation of related memories.

Question 32

Recall

Answer 32

The retrieval of a memory “from scratch” (fill in the blank questions).

Question 33

Recognition

Answer 33

The correct identification of information that is presented (multiple-choice test).

Question 34

Retrieval Cues

Answer 34

Environmental stimuli or pieces of information that are associated in some way with the memory being sought.

Question 35

Decay

Answer 35

The fading of a memory.

Question 36

Primacy Effect

Answer 36

Recall is strongest for items at the beginning of a list.

Question 37

Recency Effect

Answer 37

Recall is strongest for items at the end of a list.

Question 38

Interference

Answer 38

Similar information prevents the retrieval of a memory.

Question 39

Retroactive Interference

Answer 39

Newly learned material prevents successful retrieval of older memories.

Question 40

Proactive Interference

Answer 40

Previously held knowledge prevents successful retrieval of more newly learned information.

Question 41

Memory Construction

Answer 41

Memories are updated with new information and experiences.

Question 42

Source Monitoring

Answer 42

Occurs when a person attributes a memory to a particular source, correctly or not.

Question 43

Alzheimer’s Disease

Answer 43

Associated with aging, has a characteristic pattern of neurodegeneration.

Question 44

Korsakoff’s Syndrome

Answer 44

Neurodegeneration caused by a nutritional deficiency (typically vitamin B1), often due to severe alcoholism.

Question 45

Parkinson’s Disease

Answer 45

A neurodegenerative disease in which associated brain damage is restricted to a specific area (substantia nigra in the midbrain), leading to the impairment of motor abilities.