Set 31 Flashcards
What test is used to detect corneal abrasions?
Fluorescein test
What physiology accounts for the automaticity of the AV and SA nodes?
Gradually increasing Na+ channell conductance -> slow, spontaneous depolarization during diastole
When threshold reached, action potential generated
What is p value? What is an acceptable p value?
Probability that the study results occurred by chance alone
(small p = unlikely due to chance)
p < 0.05 is considered statistically significant
A patient with an epilepsy diagnosis is pregnant with her first child. She is concerned that her child may also have seizures. What are the most common causes of seizures in children? In adults? In the elderly?
Children: genetics, febrile, trauma, metabolic
Adults: brain tumors, trauma, stroke, infection
Elderly: stroke, brain tumors, trauma, metabolic, infection
Which diuretics lower serum calcium levels? What is the mechanism by which these cause hypocalcemia?
Loop diuretics
Inhibit Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter in thick ascending limb of Loop of Henle -> calcium lost in the urine
What organism causes Hansen disease? What animal serves as the reservoir for this organism in the US? Where in the body does this organism live?
Mycobacterium leprae
Armadillo
Skin and superficial nerves
What is BNP, and how is it useful in cases of heart failure?
B-type natriuretic peptide
Released when myocytes are excessively stretched
Helps confirm dx of HF
A 9-year-old child is brought into the clinic for evaluation of a right wrist drop and confusion. Physical exam reveals a bluish line on the gingivae. What peripheral smear finding is consistent with lead poisoning? What is the treatment for lead poisoning in this patient?
Basophilic stippling in RBCs (dots in cytoplasm of red cells)
EDTA, succimer, dimercaprol + succimer (severe)
A 62-year-old man complains of weak urine stream and hesitancy when trying to urinate. His physician prescribes finasteride. How does this agent treat benign prostatic hyperplasia?
Inhibits 5 alpha reductase (converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone = more powerful)
Limits BPH progression
A kidney transplant patient begins to experience renal failure seven years after receiving her kidney transplant. What type of rejection is this, and how is it mediated?
Chronic rejection mediated by T-cell and antibody-mediated vascular damage -> obliterative vascular fibrosis
