Set 24 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mechanism of action and clinical use for varenicline?

A

Partial agonist at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
Used for smoking cessation
BB warning for suicide and depression

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2
Q

What anticonvulsants are used to treat absence seizures? What anticonvulsants are used to treat status epilepticus?

A

Absence: Ethosuximide*, Valproic acid, Lamotrigine

Status epilepticus: Diazepam, Lorazepam, Phenytoin

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3
Q

What asthma medication fits each of the following statements?

Inhaled treatment of choice for chronic asthma

A

Fluticasone, budesonide (corticosteroids) - inhibit the synthesis of virtually all cytokines. Inactivate NF-kB, the transcription factor that induces the production of TNF-a and other inflammatory agents

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4
Q

What asthma medication fits each of the following statements?

Inhaled treatment of choice for acute exacerbations

A

Albuterol, levalbuterol - relaxes bronchial smooth muscle (B2). Use during acute exacerbation

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5
Q

What asthma medication fits each of the following statements?

Narrow therapeutic index, drug of last resort

A

Theophylline - causes bronchodilation by inhibiting phosphodiesterase -> increased cAMP levels due to decreased cAMP hydrolysis. Cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity. Metabolized by cytochrome P-450. Blocks actions of adenosine

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6
Q

What asthma medication fits each of the following statements?

Blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotriene

A

Antileukotrienes (Zileuton) - a 5 lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor. Blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes

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7
Q

What asthma medication fits each of the following statements?

Inhibits mast cell release of mediators, used for prophylaxis only

A

Cromolyn

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8
Q

What asthma medication fits each of the following statements?

Inhaled treatment that blocks muscarinic receptors

A

Ipratropium - competitive block of muscarinic receptors, preventing bronchoconstriction. Also used for COPD, as is tiotropium, a long-acting muscarinic antagonist

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9
Q

What asthma medication fits each of the following statements?

Inhaled long-acting β2-agonist

A

Salmeterol, formoterol - long acting agents for prophylaxis. Adverse effects: tremor and arrhythmia

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10
Q

What asthma medication fits each of the following statements?

Blocks leukotriene receptors

A

Antileukotrienes (Montelukast, zafirlukast) - block leukotriene receptors. Especially good for aspirin-induced asthma

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