Set 24 Flashcards
What is the mechanism of action and clinical use for varenicline?
Partial agonist at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
Used for smoking cessation
BB warning for suicide and depression
What anticonvulsants are used to treat absence seizures? What anticonvulsants are used to treat status epilepticus?
Absence: Ethosuximide*, Valproic acid, Lamotrigine
Status epilepticus: Diazepam, Lorazepam, Phenytoin
What asthma medication fits each of the following statements?
Inhaled treatment of choice for chronic asthma
Fluticasone, budesonide (corticosteroids) - inhibit the synthesis of virtually all cytokines. Inactivate NF-kB, the transcription factor that induces the production of TNF-a and other inflammatory agents
What asthma medication fits each of the following statements?
Inhaled treatment of choice for acute exacerbations
Albuterol, levalbuterol - relaxes bronchial smooth muscle (B2). Use during acute exacerbation
What asthma medication fits each of the following statements?
Narrow therapeutic index, drug of last resort
Theophylline - causes bronchodilation by inhibiting phosphodiesterase -> increased cAMP levels due to decreased cAMP hydrolysis. Cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity. Metabolized by cytochrome P-450. Blocks actions of adenosine
What asthma medication fits each of the following statements?
Blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotriene
Antileukotrienes (Zileuton) - a 5 lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor. Blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes
What asthma medication fits each of the following statements?
Inhibits mast cell release of mediators, used for prophylaxis only
Cromolyn
What asthma medication fits each of the following statements?
Inhaled treatment that blocks muscarinic receptors
Ipratropium - competitive block of muscarinic receptors, preventing bronchoconstriction. Also used for COPD, as is tiotropium, a long-acting muscarinic antagonist
What asthma medication fits each of the following statements?
Inhaled long-acting β2-agonist
Salmeterol, formoterol - long acting agents for prophylaxis. Adverse effects: tremor and arrhythmia
What asthma medication fits each of the following statements?
Blocks leukotriene receptors
Antileukotrienes (Montelukast, zafirlukast) - block leukotriene receptors. Especially good for aspirin-induced asthma