Session6

Question 1

Define Exploitation and Exploration in innovation.

Answer 1

• Exploitation: Focuses on refinement, production, efficiency, and implementation.
• Exploration: Involves variation, risk-taking, experimentation, play, and flexibility.
• Returns: Exploration returns are uncertain and distant; exploitation returns are reliable and immediate.

Question 2

Explain Exploration and Exploitation in IDEO’s approach.

Answer 2

• Exploration: Includes intense brainstorming, diverse teams, and accepting failure.
• Exploitation: Structured methodology, client management, and simple rules.

Question 3

What are the two main types of attention?

Answer 3

• We process limited information despite constant sensory input.
• Types: Focused and divided attention.

Question 4

Describe Attention Control.

Answer 4

• Also known as Cognitive control or Executive functions.
• Manages appropriate actions, inhibits impulses, selects sensory info, and plans future actions.

Question 5

What was the objective of the study?

Answer 5

• To explore the exploitation-exploration trade-off at the individual level.
• Linked neuropsychological research to understand individual abilities in managing this trade-off.

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Question 6

Outline the study design.

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Answer 6

• Participants: 53 experts (28 specialists, 25 generalists).
• Task: Four-armed gambling task to measure exploration and exploitation performance.

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Question 7

What were the measures in the study?

Answer 7

• Neural antecedents: Brain analyses and event-related fMRI.
• Behaviour: Differentiating between exploitation and exploration.
• Decision-making performance: Total payoff across 300 trials.

probably not relevant?

Question 8

Findings: Differences between Generalists and Specialists.

Answer 8

• Generalists: Showed higher cumulative payoffs and stronger activation in regions linked to attention control.
• No significant differences in the number of exploratory or exploitative choices.

Question 9

How is attention measured outside of a scanner?

Answer 9

• Through behavioural replication studies assessing sustained attention, reflective capacity, and working memory.

Question 10

What is the relationship between Attention Control and Performance?

Answer 10

• Attention control in specific brain regions improves decision-making performance.
• Key regions include the Bilateral FrontoPolar Cortex and Intraparietal sulcus.

is that the correct name?