Session 6 Flashcards
List 4 examples of measurement devices.
- Test
- Questionnaire
- Interview schedule/protocol
- Personality scale
List 2 factors of validity
- extent to which a measure/instrument measures what it is designed to measure
- accurately performs the function(s) it is purported to perform
List 3 KEY points about validity
- validity is relative to the purpose of testing
- validity is a matter of degree
- no measure/instrument is perfectly valid
What is a ‘construct’?
4 features
- an abstract concept used in a particular theoretical manner to relate different behaviors according to their underlying features or causes
- used to describe, organize, summarize and communicate our interpretations of behavior
- abstract term used to summarize and describe behaviors that share certain attributes
- collection of related behaviors that are associated in a meaningful way
Why is validity important in quantitative research?
researchers reduce constructs to numerical scores
Why is validity important in qualitative research?
researchers must describe results in enough detail so that readers can picture the meanings that have been attached to a construct
List 3 types of validity.
- judgmental
- empirical
- judgmental-experimental
List and define 2 types of judgmental validity.
- Content: expert judgment
2. Face: participant judgment
List and define 4 types of Empirical validity.
- criterion-predictive: correlation
- criterion-concurrent: correlation
- Convergent: correlation
- Divergent: correlation
Judgmental-Empirical Validity is what type?
Construct validity
Judgmental-Empirical construct validity is established by what 2 things?
- hypothesize about relationship
2. test of hypothesis
Judgmental validity is an approach to establishing validity that uses ______________, usually of _____________ and therefore is only as good as the ____________. (6, 10)
- judgments
- experts
- judges
Content Validity is a type of _______________ validity.
judgmental
Content validity is ______________.
the degree to which measurements actually reflect the variable of interest
What two questions does content validity answer?
- Are we tapping the appropriate contents by the measure?
- Does the instrument cover all the areas needed to be observed AND does it cover them equally or proportionally to the interest?
Three principles for writing tests with high content validity
- Broad content
- focus to reflect importance
- appropriate level of language (vocabulary, sentence length) for the audience
Face Validity is a type of _____________ validity.
judgemental
Face Validity is __________.
the degree to which an instrument appears to be valid on the face of it
The _______________ Test does not have very good face validity.
Rohrshach
What is the question that Face validity answers?
On superficial inspection, does the instrument appear to measure what it purports to measure?
The Rohrshack Test is designed to measure ____________.
psychopathology
Who are the experts for the Rohrshack Test?
the person taking the test
Making the measurement tool LOOK like its measuring what it claims to be measuring is important to ___________ Validity.
Face
When is low Face Validity desirable?
when researchers want to disguise the true purpose of the research from the respondents because the participant might answer inaccurately due to socially acceptable expectations