session 5 Flashcards
what are the ganglia involved in the basal ganglia?
- caudate nucleus
- putamen
- internal and external globus pallidus
- substantia nigra
- subthalamic nuclleus
What are involved in the basal gangli but not singular nuclei?
motor cortex and thalamus
What makes up the caudal excitatory groups?
- caudate nucleus
- putamen
- globus pallidus
what makes up the rostral inhibitory group?
subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra
what neurotransmitters are involved in the basal ganglia?
GABA - inhibitory
Glutamate - excitatory
Dopamine - modulatory
what is the function of the direct pathway?
allows movement to take place
What is the function of the indirect pathway?
inhibits unwanted movement from taking place
What does the limbic system do?
interface between external and internal environment.
- adaptive behavior, emotional response and learning based on past experience
- regulates autonomic nervous system
What structures are included in the limbic system?
hippocampus, fornix, mammillary bodies, thalamus, cingulate gyrus, amygdala, septal nuclei
What are the septal nuclei? what do they produce?
nucleus accumbens - noradrenaline
nucleus meynerts - acetylcholine
What are association fibres?
white matter tracts that connect cortical structures in the same hemisphere
What are projection fibres?
white matter tracts that connect cortical and subcortical regions
where does the olfactory tract terminate?
lateral olfactory striae - go to the uncus to the primary olfactory in the anterior parahippocampal gyrus
Where does the parahippocampal gyrus lie?
it’s continuous with the cingulate gyrus lies within the temporal lobe.
What makes the floor of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricles?
Caudate nucleus
What makes the floor of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle?
the hippocampus
Where is the amygdala?
continuous with tail of the caudate nucleus deep to the uncus
What does the straie terminarlis connect?
The amygdala to the hypothalamus
Name the parts of the hippocampus.
Pes hippocampi - paw like structure at the distal end
frimbrae - flat sheet that is the efferent fibres leading to the fornix
What makes up the lentiform nucleus?
Putamen and globus pallidus
What separates the Putamen and the globus pallidus?
lateral medullary lamina
What separates the medial and lateral globus pallidus?
medial medullary lamina
What makes up the corpus striatum?
caudate + putamen
What is the nucleus acumbens?
reward centre of the brain - receives dopaminergic input from the ventral tegmental area
What is the forceps minor and where are they?
white matter commisural fibres going through the genu of the corpus callosum
what is the forceps major and where are they?
white matter commisural fibres going through the splenium of the corpus callosum
What arteries supply the internal capsule? where do they arise from?
lenticulostriate arteries - from the MCA
The parahippocampal gyrus is anatomically in continuity with the:
Precentral gyrus
Inferior frontal gyrus
Middle temporal gyrus
Cingulate gyrus
Superior occipital gyrus
cingulate
