session 5

Question 1

what are the ganglia involved in the basal ganglia?

Answer 1

• caudate nucleus
• putamen
• internal and external globus pallidus
• substantia nigra
• subthalamic nuclleus

Question 2

What are involved in the basal gangli but not singular nuclei?

Answer 2

motor cortex and thalamus

Question 3

What makes up the caudal excitatory groups?

Answer 3

• caudate nucleus
• putamen
• globus pallidus

Question 4

what makes up the rostral inhibitory group?

Answer 4

subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra

Question 5

what neurotransmitters are involved in the basal ganglia?

Answer 5

GABA - inhibitory
Glutamate - excitatory
Dopamine - modulatory

Question 6

what is the function of the direct pathway?

Answer 6

allows movement to take place

Question 7

What is the function of the indirect pathway?

Answer 7

inhibits unwanted movement from taking place

Question 8

What does the limbic system do?

Answer 8

interface between external and internal environment.

• adaptive behavior, emotional response and learning based on past experience
• regulates autonomic nervous system

Question 9

What structures are included in the limbic system?

Answer 9

hippocampus, fornix, mammillary bodies, thalamus, cingulate gyrus, amygdala, septal nuclei

Question 10

What are the septal nuclei? what do they produce?

Answer 10

nucleus accumbens - noradrenaline

nucleus meynerts - acetylcholine

Question 11

What are association fibres?

Answer 11

white matter tracts that connect cortical structures in the same hemisphere

Question 12

What are projection fibres?

Answer 12

white matter tracts that connect cortical and subcortical regions

Question 13

where does the olfactory tract terminate?

Answer 13

lateral olfactory striae - go to the uncus to the primary olfactory in the anterior parahippocampal gyrus

Question 14

Where does the parahippocampal gyrus lie?

Answer 14

it’s continuous with the cingulate gyrus lies within the temporal lobe.

Question 15

What makes the floor of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricles?

Answer 15

Caudate nucleus

Question 16

What makes the floor of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle?

Answer 16

the hippocampus

Question 17

Where is the amygdala?

Answer 17

continuous with tail of the caudate nucleus deep to the uncus

Question 18

What does the straie terminarlis connect?

Answer 18

The amygdala to the hypothalamus

Question 19

Name the parts of the hippocampus.

Answer 19

Pes hippocampi - paw like structure at the distal end

frimbrae - flat sheet that is the efferent fibres leading to the fornix

Question 20

What makes up the lentiform nucleus?

Answer 20

Putamen and globus pallidus

Question 21

What separates the Putamen and the globus pallidus?

Answer 21

lateral medullary lamina

Question 22

What separates the medial and lateral globus pallidus?

Answer 22

medial medullary lamina

Question 23

What makes up the corpus striatum?

Answer 23

caudate + putamen

Question 24

What is the nucleus acumbens?

Answer 24

reward centre of the brain - receives dopaminergic input from the ventral tegmental area

Question 25

What is the forceps minor and where are they?

Answer 25

white matter commisural fibres going through the genu of the corpus callosum

Question 26

what is the forceps major and where are they?

Answer 26

white matter commisural fibres going through the splenium of the corpus callosum

Question 27

What arteries supply the internal capsule? where do they arise from?

Answer 27

lenticulostriate arteries - from the MCA

Question 28

The parahippocampal gyrus is anatomically in continuity with the:

Precentral gyrus

Inferior frontal gyrus

Middle temporal gyrus

Cingulate gyrus

Superior occipital gyrus

Answer 28

cingulate