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neuroanatomy > Brachial Plexus > Flashcards

Brachial Plexus Flashcards

1
Q

What nerve roots makes up the Median nerve?

A

C5, 6, 7, 8 and T1

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2
Q

What makes up the superior trunk?

A

Nerve roots C5 and 6

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3
Q

What makes up the middle trunk?

A

nerve root C 7

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4
Q

What makes up the inferior trunk?

A

C8 and T1

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5
Q

what trunks makes up the lateral cord? and therefore what roots?

A

anterior divisions of the superior and middle trunk - C5, 6 and 7

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6
Q

What trunks makes up the posterior cord? and therefore what roots?

A

posterior divisions of the superior, middle and inferior trunks - C5-T1

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7
Q

What trunks makes up the medial cord? and therefore what roots?

A

anterior division of the inferior trunk - C8 and T1

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8
Q

what gives rise to the axillary nerve?

A

posterior cord - superior trunk - C5 and 6

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9
Q

what gives rise to the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

Lateral cord - superior+middle trunk - C5, 6 and 7

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10
Q

what gives rise to the median nerve?

A

lateral and medial cords - superior middle and inferior trunks - C6-T1

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11
Q

What makes up the radial nerve?

A

posterior cord - superior, middle and inferior trunk- C5-T1

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12
Q

Damage to what nerve would cause winging of the scapula?

A

Long thoracic nerve (usually)

Could be accessory or dorsal scaupla nerve

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13
Q

What are the roots of the long thoracic nerve?

A

5 6 7 - wings to heaven - damage to this nerve causes winging of the scapula.

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14
Q

What gives rise to the ulnar nerve

A

medial cord - inferior trunk - C8 and T1

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15
Q

What muscles flex the arm? what nerve innervates them?

A

-Musculocutaneous

BBC: -biceps brachii -brachialis -coracobrachialis

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16
Q

What is the sensory supply of the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

lateral forearm

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17
Q

What muscles abduct the arm? and what nerve innervates them?

A

Deltoid - innervated by the Axillary nerve (P,S,5+6)

supraspinatus - innervatred by the suprascapular

18
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the axillary nerve?

A

Inferior portion of the deltoid - regimental badge

19
Q

What forearm muscles does the median nerve innervate?

A
  • pronator teres - pronation
  • pronator quadratus -pronation
  • flexor carpis radialis - flexes wrist
  • felxor policus longus - thumb felxion
  • flexor digitorum superficialis - finger flexion
  • lateral 1/2 flexor digitorum profundus - finger flexion
20
Q

What hand muscles does the median nerve innervate?

A

L-LOAF

2 lateral lumbricals

oppens pollicus

flexor pollicus brevis

abductor pollicus brevis

21
Q

What are the thenar muscles?

A
  • oppens pollicus
  • abductor pollicus brevis
  • flexor pollicus brevis
  • adductor pollicus
22
Q

What movements does the median nerve control?

A

forearm pronation

wrist felxion

wrist abduction

thumb movements

lateral DIP joint felxion

23
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the median nerve?

A

M shape

lateral palm - index, middle and half of ring fingers

only tips on the posterior

24
Q

What happens in a lesion of the median nerve at the elbow?

A

wrist flexion weak + adduction

loss of sensation to the M palm

supination constantly (loss of pronation)

can’t flex index + middle finger (benediction sign)

thenar atrophy + loss of thumb opposition

25
Q

What happens in a lesion of the median nerve at the wrist?

A

thenar muscles + lateral 2 lumbricals paralysed (sign of benediction)

forearm not affected (can pronate and flex wrist)

sensory loss to the M + palm

26
Q

What compartment of the arm does the radial nerve innervate?

A

posterior compartment of the arm

posterior compartment of the forearm

27
Q

Myotomes C5 - T1

A

C5 - elbow flexion

C6 - wrist extension

C7 - elbow extension

C8 - finger flexion

T1 - finger abduction

28
Q

dermatomes C5 - T2

A

C5 - over deltoid

C6 - forearm to thumb

C7 - index + middle

C8 - little + ring fingers

T1 - inner arm

T2 - apex of the axilla

29
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the raidal nerve?

A

posterior arm

posterior forearm

dorsal 3.5 lateral digits + back of hand

30
Q

What muscles does the radial nerve supply?

A
  • 3 wirst extensors - Extensor carpi radialis B+L, ulnaris
  • 2 finger extensors - extensor digitorum + digiti minimi
  • 2 thumb things - extensor pollicus longus + abductor pollicus longus
  • 2 other - TRICEPS + supinator
31
Q

What happen in damage to the radial nerve in the axilla?

A

all muscles affected

triceps, wrist and finger extensors

causing wrist drop

loss of sensation at lateral and posterior arm, posterior forearm and dorsum of the hand

32
Q

What would cause damage to the radial nerve in the axilla?

A

poorly fitted crutches

shoulder dislocation

33
Q

What happens in damage to the radial nerve at the radial groove?

A

triceps weakened but not paralysed

posterior forearm affected - unable to extend wrist and fingers

Just sensory lost to the dorsum of the hand as cuteneous nerve have already arisen

34
Q

What would cause damage to the radial nerve at the level of the radial groove?

A

humeral shaft fracture

35
Q

What would happen in a lesion to the superficial branch of the radial nerve in the forearm? How could this occur?

A

loss of sensation to the dorsum of the lateral 3 and a half digits and associated dorsal hand area

stabbinng of laceration

NO MOTOR FUNCTION LOST

36
Q

What would happen in a lesion affecting the deep branch of the radial nerve in the forearm? How could this happen?

A

posterior forearm muscles affected but wrist drop does not occur because still some innervation to extensor carpi radialis longus

posterior dislocation of the radius or fracture of the radial head

NO SENSORY LOSS

37
Q

What muscles does the ulnar nerve innervate?

A

couple in the anterior forearm:

  • felxor carpi ulnaris
  • ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus

lots in the hand:

  • medial lumbricals
  • palmer and dorsal interossi
  • adductor pollicus
  • hypothenar emminece
  • palmaris brevis
38
Q

What roots make up the ulnar nerve?

A

C8 & T1

39
Q

Describe what happens in damage to the ulnar nerve at the elbow.

A

movements of ring and little fingers impaired (medial lumbricals + hypothenar shit)

finger add + abduction impaired (interossi)

impairment of thumb adduction (canny grip paper with thumb + index)

sensory loss to the palmar and dorsal 4th amd 5th digits

Hypothenar wasting!

40
Q

Describe what happen in damage to the ulnar nerve at the wrist?

A
  • just intrinsic hand muscle affected
  • add+abduction of the fingers
  • little and ring finger movement impairment
  • Hypothenar wasting!
  • palmar sensation lost, dorsal usually retained

neuroanatomy (21 decks)

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