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Infection > Session 3 - Infection Model And Sepsis > Flashcards

Session 3 - Infection Model And Sepsis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of sepsis?

A

Life threatening organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated host response to infection

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2
Q

What is septic shock?

A

Subset of sepsis where particularly profound circulatory, cellular and metabolic abnormalities substantially increase mortality

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3
Q

What are 5 features of sepsis?

A 
Raised respiratory rate
Low blood pressure 
Reduced level of consciousness 
Reduction in urine output
Fever
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4
Q

What is sepsis 6?

A

Give oxygen
Give antibiotics
Give fluids

Take cultures
Take lactate and blood count
Take urine output

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5
Q

What are the 4 things antigen presenting cells do?

A

Sense
Capture
Process
Present

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6
Q

What are 4 types of antigen presenting cells?

A

Dendritic cells
Langerhans cells
Macrophages
B cells

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7
Q

What are naive T cells?

A

T cells that have not previously encountered the antigen

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8
Q

What are effector T cells?

A

T cells that have previously encountered the antigen and are capable of performing effector functions during an immune response

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9
Q

What is the function of dendritic cells?

A

Present pathogen to naive T cells

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10
Q

What is the function of Langerhans cells?

A

Present Pathogen to naive T cells

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11
Q

What is the purpose of macrophages?

A

Present pathogen to effector T cells and conduct phagocytic activities

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12
Q

What is the purpose of B cells?

A

Present pathogen to effector T cells to produce antibody response

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13
Q

What are 5 locations where antigen presenting cells are located?

A 
Mucosal membranes 
Skin 
Blood 
Lymph nodes 
Spleen
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14
Q

What are PRRs and their function?

A

Pathogen recognition receptors sense pathogens

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15
Q

What are 2 types of pathogen capture mechanisms?

A

Phagocytosis

Macropinocytosis

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16
Q

What are the 2 types of adaptive immune responses?

A

Humoral immunity and cell mediated immunity

17
Q

What is the best adaptive immune response for extracellular microbes?

A

Humoral immunity

18
Q

What is the best adaptive immune response for intracellular microbes?

A

Cell mediated immunity

19
Q

What are the molecules responsible for presenting pathogens?

A

MHC molecules - major histocompatibility complex molecules

20
Q

What are the 2 types of MHC?

A

Class I and class II

21
Q

What kind of cells are MHC class I molecules expressed on?

A

All nucleated cells

22
Q

What kind of cells are MHC class II molecules expressed on?

A

Antigen presenting cells - macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells, Langerhans cells

23
Q

What is a haplotype?

A

Set of MHC alleles that are inherited together from one parent and present on chromosome

24
Q

What class of MHC molecules are used to present intracellular microbes?

A

Class I

25
Q

What class of MHC molecules are used to present extracellular microbes?

A

II

26
Q

What are 3 MHC class I molecules?

A

HLA-A, B, C

27
Q

What are 3 MHC class II molecules?

A

HLA-DP, DQ, DR

28
Q

What are the 6 steps of the endogenous pathway of processing intracellular microbes?

A

Viral protein marked for destruction by proteasome
Antigenic peptide transported to ER by TAP proteins
Formation of viral peptide-MHC class I complex if right match
APCs and non-APCs present peptides to CD8+ T cells
Activation of CD8+ T cells in lymphoid tissues
Activated CD8+ T cells searches and kill all infected cells expressing viral peptides on MHC class I molecules

29
Q

What are the 5 steps of the exogenous pathway of processing extracellular microbes?

A

Microbes captured by phagocytosis or micropinocytosis
Degradation in small peptides in endosome
Peptide rich vesicles fuses with vesicles containing MHC class II molecules
Formation of peptide-MHC class II complex if right match
APCs present peptides to CD4+ T cells

30
Q

What kind of molecules on T cells do MHC class I molecules recognize?

A

CD8+

31
Q

What kind of molecules on T cells do MHC class II molecules recognize?

A

CD4+

Infection (11 decks)

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