Session 3 - Infection Model And Sepsis

Question 1

What is the definition of sepsis?

Answer 1

Life threatening organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated host response to infection

Question 2

What is septic shock?

Answer 2

Subset of sepsis where particularly profound circulatory, cellular and metabolic abnormalities substantially increase mortality

Question 3

What are 5 features of sepsis?

Answer 3

Raised respiratory rate
Low blood pressure 
Reduced level of consciousness 
Reduction in urine output
Fever

Question 4

What is sepsis 6?

Answer 4

Give oxygen
Give antibiotics
Give fluids

Take cultures
Take lactate and blood count
Take urine output

Question 5

What are the 4 things antigen presenting cells do?

Answer 5

Sense
Capture
Process
Present

Question 6

What are 4 types of antigen presenting cells?

Answer 6

Dendritic cells
Langerhans cells
Macrophages
B cells

Question 7

What are naive T cells?

Answer 7

T cells that have not previously encountered the antigen

Question 8

What are effector T cells?

Answer 8

T cells that have previously encountered the antigen and are capable of performing effector functions during an immune response

Question 9

What is the function of dendritic cells?

Answer 9

Present pathogen to naive T cells

Question 10

What is the function of Langerhans cells?

Answer 10

Present Pathogen to naive T cells

Question 11

What is the purpose of macrophages?

Answer 11

Present pathogen to effector T cells and conduct phagocytic activities

Question 12

What is the purpose of B cells?

Answer 12

Present pathogen to effector T cells to produce antibody response

Question 13

What are 5 locations where antigen presenting cells are located?

Answer 13

Mucosal membranes 
Skin 
Blood 
Lymph nodes 
Spleen

Question 14

What are PRRs and their function?

Answer 14

Pathogen recognition receptors sense pathogens

Question 15

What are 2 types of pathogen capture mechanisms?

Answer 15

Phagocytosis

Macropinocytosis

Question 16

What are the 2 types of adaptive immune responses?

Answer 16

Humoral immunity and cell mediated immunity

Question 17

What is the best adaptive immune response for extracellular microbes?

Answer 17

Humoral immunity

Question 18

What is the best adaptive immune response for intracellular microbes?

Answer 18

Cell mediated immunity

Question 19

What are the molecules responsible for presenting pathogens?

Answer 19

MHC molecules - major histocompatibility complex molecules

Question 20

What are the 2 types of MHC?

Answer 20

Class I and class II

Question 21

What kind of cells are MHC class I molecules expressed on?

Answer 21

All nucleated cells

Question 22

What kind of cells are MHC class II molecules expressed on?

Answer 22

Antigen presenting cells - macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells, Langerhans cells

Question 23

What is a haplotype?

Answer 23

Set of MHC alleles that are inherited together from one parent and present on chromosome

Question 24

What class of MHC molecules are used to present intracellular microbes?

Answer 24

Class I

Question 25

What class of MHC molecules are used to present extracellular microbes?

Answer 25

II

Question 26

What are 3 MHC class I molecules?

Answer 26

HLA-A, B, C

Question 27

What are 3 MHC class II molecules?

Answer 27

HLA-DP, DQ, DR

Question 28

What are the 6 steps of the endogenous pathway of processing intracellular microbes?

Answer 28

Viral protein marked for destruction by proteasome Antigenic peptide transported to ER by TAP proteins Formation of viral peptide-MHC class I complex if right match APCs and non-APCs present peptides to CD8+ T cells Activation of CD8+ T cells in lymphoid tissues Activated CD8+ T cells searches and kill all infected cells expressing viral peptides on MHC class I molecules

Question 29

What are the 5 steps of the exogenous pathway of processing extracellular microbes?

Answer 29

Microbes captured by phagocytosis or micropinocytosis Degradation in small peptides in endosome Peptide rich vesicles fuses with vesicles containing MHC class II molecules Formation of peptide-MHC class II complex if right match APCs present peptides to CD4+ T cells

Question 30

What kind of molecules on T cells do MHC class I molecules recognize?

Answer 30

CD8+

Question 31

What kind of molecules on T cells do MHC class II molecules recognize?

Answer 31

CD4+