Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Infection > Session 2 - Microbiome And Innate Immunity > Flashcards

Session 2 - Microbiome And Innate Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 factors to take into consideration when doing a model of infection?

A 
Patient 
Pathogen 
Mechanism of infection 
Process of infection 
Management of patient
Patient outcome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the definition of the immune system?

A

Cells and organs that contribute to immune defenses against infectious and non-infectious conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the definition of an infectious disease?

A

When a pathogen succeeds in evading or overwhelming the host’s immune defenses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 4 main roles of the immune system?

A

Recognize pathogen
Contain or eliminate infection
Regulate its own activities
Remember pathogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are 4 differences between innate and adaptive immunity?

A

Innate is immediate, adaptive is long lasting
Innate is not specific, adaptive is specific
Innate does not include memory, adaptive does
Innate has no change in intensity, adaptive does

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 4 barriers of the first lines of defense?

A

Physical
Physiological
Chemical
Biological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of the body’s first line of defense?

A

Prevent entry and limit growth of pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are 3 examples of physical barriers?

A

Skin
Mucous membranes
Bronchial cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are 4 examples of physiological barriers?

A

Diarrhea
Vomiting
Coughing
Sneezing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are 2 examples of chemical barriers?

A

Low pH

Antimicrobial molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is an example of biological barriers?

A

Normal flora

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is an example of a normal flora that inhabits the skin?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is an example of a normal flora that inhabits the mouth and nasopharynx?

A

Streptococcus mutans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is an example of a normal flora that inhabits the GI tract?

A

E. Coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are 3 ways clinical problems start due to normal flora?

A

Displaced from its normal location
Overgrows and becomes pathogenic when host becomes immunocompromised
In mucosal surfaces is depleted by antibiotic therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are 3 main types of phagocytes?

A

Macrophages
Monocytes
Neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are 3 functions of macrophages?

A

Phagocytosis
Present antigens to T cells
Produce cytokines and chemokines

18
Q

What is the function of monocytes?

A

Travels in blood to infection site and differentiate into macrophages

19
Q

What is the function of neutrophils?

A

Ingest and destroy bacteria, recruited by chemokines to site of infection

20
Q

What is the function of basophils and mast cells?

A

Important in allergic responses

21
Q

What is the function of eosinophils?

A

Defense against multi cellular parasites like worms

22
Q

What is the function of natural killer cells?

A

Kill all abnormal host cells

23
Q

What is the function of dendritic cells?

A

Present microbial antigens to T cells

24
Q

What are 3 factors that allow phagocytes to recognize pathogens?

A

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on pathogens
Pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) on phagocytes
Opsonins on microbial surfaces

25
Q

What is the function of opsonins?

A

Proteins that bind to microbial surfaces to enhance attachment of phagocytes and clearance of microbes

26
Q

What are 3 main types of opsonins?

A

Complement proteins
Antibodies
Acute phase proteins

27
Q

What are 2 examples of complement proteins?

A

C3b

C4b

28
Q

What are 2 examples of antibodies?

A

IgG

IgM

29
Q

What are 2 examples of acute phase proteins?

A

C-reactive protein

Mannose-binding left in

30
Q

What kind of bacteria requires opsonization to clear?

A

Encapsulated

31
Q

What are 3 examples of encapsulated bacteria?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitidis
Haemophilus influenzae b

32
Q

What are the 2 main types of phagocyte intracellular killing mechanisms?

A

Oxygen dependent pathway - respiratory burst using free oxygen radicals
Oxygen independent pathway - digestion using enzymes

33
Q

What is the function of the complement system?

A

Part of the immune system that enhances the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes and damaged cells from an organism

34
Q

What is the function of C3a and C5a?

A

Recruitment of phagocytes

35
Q

What is the function of C3b?

A

Opsonization of pathogens

36
Q

What is the function of C5-C9?

A

Killing of pathogens via membrane attack complex

37
Q

What are the 3 different pathways that the complement system is activated?

A

Classical pathway
Alternative pathway
MBL pathway

38
Q

How is the classical pathway initiated?

A

Antibody antigen interaction

39
Q

How is the alternative pathway initiated?

A

Cell surface microbial constituents

40
Q

How is the MBL pathway initiated?

A

When MBL binds to mannose containing residues of proteins found on many microbes

41
Q

What are the 3 functions of cytokines or chemokines?

A

Chemoattraction
Phagocyte activation
Inflammation

42
Q

What are 3 cytokines derived from macrophages?

A

TNFalpha, IL-1, IL-6

Infection (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions