Session 3

Question 1

Define the term value

Answer 1

Value is a believe held over long time periods that includes opposites and as functions to guide behavior and give direction

Question 2

What are the 5 value dimensions by Kluckhohn & Strodtbeck?

Answer 2

1. Human Nature
2. Relationship to nature
3. Relationship with people (social structure)
4. Time Orientation
5. Activity (to strive towards)

Question 3

Describe the Human Nature value dimension

Answer 3

How is the Human Nature persé? a static POV of fundamental good - evil - or in between
Also can humans change their attitudes in their life time?

Question 4

Describe the Relations ship to nature value dimension

Answer 4

Do men strive to life in harmony with nature, or do they try to master nature or subjugate to it?

has implications for sustainability e.g.

Question 5

Describe the Relationship with people value dimension

Answer 5

It relates to group orientiation in contrast to a focus on the individual and also whether the culture has a hierachy structure or operates in cooperation

impacts decisionmaking processes

Question 6

Describe the Time Orientation value dimension

Answer 6

Relates to the tendency to focus on the moment in contrast to uphealding the past with traditions or to focus on the future

impacts how innovation processes are handled

Question 7

Describe the Acitvity value dimenson

Answer 7

It measures which direction people strive for in their activities, and how they fit to either the past and traditions ; the here and now (environment) or the future prospects

Question 8

Explain The high and low context cultural dimension by E.T. Hall.

Answer 8

High (or low) context cultures refers to the amount of additional information that is needed to decode the spoken word

high: Japan (metaphoric speech)
low: Germany

Question 9

The high and low context dimension is the most prominent cultural dimension by E.T. Hall. Name and briefly explain the other three.

Answer 9

1. Space, refers to the personal space of individuals that has to be respected e.g. public spaces ot seating at a dinner table
2. Time, whether one task is operated or multitasking is normal, also living in regards to time orienting on past, present or future
3. information-flow, measures how quickly messages can be decoded

Question 10

Discuss problems that can arise between members from polychronic cultures and members from monochronic cultures.

Answer 10

• > monochronic: deadline oriented, one task at a time
• > polychronic: flexible processoriented, multitasking

This might lead to conflict in team projects because the priorities of timing and how to tackle tasks might differ vastly. Additionaly the communication could be interpreted as unprofessional or rude, if not aproproated to the recipient.