Session 3 Flashcards
the ability to move the body from one position to another in a safe, efficient and independent manner
mobility
Name 2 examples of dysfunction of mobility.
- movements may be difficult to initiate, sustain or control.
- movement is put above postural control, but person may not be able to execute movement or outcomes may be poor.
- the ability to maintain the body at rest where the center of mass (COM) is over the person’s base of support (BOS).
- posture is steady with minimal sway, no balance loss, and no use of external supports.
stability aka static postural control
name 5 examples of dysfunction of stability (Static postural control).
- person may widen their base of support (BOS)
- lowered center of mass
- increased use of postural sway (ankle, hip strategies)
- need for external support or device
- loss of balance or falls
- the ability to sustain or maintain postural stability and the body’s COM over the BOS while the body is in motion.
- the ability to stabilize one’s posture without losing postural control
- dynamic ability to shift weight on weight bearing side while unweighting non-weight bearing side
controlled mobility aka dynamic postural control
when you weight bear, you’re always in ____ on _____ side and ____ on _____ side.
extension, weight-bearing & flexion, unweighted
name 3 examples of dysfunction of controlled mobility (dynamic postural control).
- falling due to postural instability.
- poor ability to control dynamic limb movements
- limited or decreased use of core or trunk muscles and proximal limbs which affects the ability to stabilize the core while performing distal use of limbs.
the ability or action that is initiated by the person who has a specific goal or intention. the ability to coordinate the body and limbs or trunk and proximal segments (shoulder) while the distal segments perform separate actions (wrist and hand)
skill
skill is ___ and ___ ___.
learning, task specific
skilled movement requires ___ ___.
voluntary control
involuntary movements are ___ skilled movements.
NOT
skill indicates ___ of movement performance.
quality
name 5 examples of dysfunction of skill.
- poorly coordinated movements
- poor accuracy (dysmetria)
- poor timing (ataxia)
- poor reversal of motions or rapid alternating motions (dysdiadochokinesia)
- inability to maintain normal righting reactions and equilibrium responses
anterior pelvic tilt is due to what?
from tight hip flexors or quads
posterior pelvic tilt is due to what?
from tight hamstrings, kyphotic thoracic trunk, increased LE muscle tone.
name 8 common postural alignments in stroke.
- posterior pelvic tilt
- loss of lumbar lordosis (flattening)
- increased kyphosis
- pelvic obliquity through unequal weight bear
- lateral flexion
- rib cage rotation
- head and neck malalignment
- loss of dissociation
- one side of the pelvis is higher than the other.
- due to asymmetry from muscle weakness or increased muscle tone.
pelvic obliquity
obliquity is named for the side of the pelvis that is ___.
lower
occurs when one side of the pelvis is more anterior or forward, resulting in asymmetry
pelvic rotation
Name 2 normal strategies that we use to maintain postural control (postural control mechanisms).
- anticipatory or feed forward mechanism
- compensatory or feedback mechanism
- postural adjustments that are made before movement.
- this mechanism is modified by experience and can improve with practice
- making adjustments to movement in anticipation to how you might have to move in that scenario
anticipatory or feed forward mechanism
- involves postural adjustments that are made in response to sensory experience of balance.
- ankle and hip strategies
- making real time adjustments based on the current sensory experiences.
compensatory or feedback mechanism
name the 3 afferent sources of the vestibular system.
- vestibular receptors (inner ear)
- proprioceptors
- eyes
Describe the general sequence of the vestibular system.
- vestibular receptors orient head and body in space.
- resultant extensor muscle tone and motor control against gravity.
- coordination of eye reflexes (VOR) and head movements (Stabilization of visual image on retina in response to head movement)
Name 8 ways to position a pt in bed who had had a stroke.
- must ensure preservation of joint integrity.
- must prevent contractures from paralyzed or weak limbs/trunk.
- must allow for air circulation and pressure relief on bony prominences.
- may allow for the inhibition of hypertonicity or spasticity in trunk and limbs.
- do not use a stack of pillows, use one flat pillow.
- do not put pillows under the knees that hold them flexed, keep the knees straight.
- do not let calf muscle shorten, keep ankle flexible at least to a 90-degree angle.
- keep arms abducted from the body.
Describe the function of the descending spinal cord tracts.
regulation of extensor muscle tone
Describe the function of the ascending spinal cord tracts.
regulation of somatosensory input for balance (proprioception)
