Session 11b Prostate Flashcards
Epidemiology of prostate cancer
Commonest cancer in men
2nd commonest cause of death from cancer in men
1/8 men diagnosed in their lifetime
Rare in men under 50
Risk factors for prostate cancer
Increased age
FH (BRACA2 gene mutation)
Ethnicity- black>white>asian
Label
Prostate cancer lesions are commonly found in the
Periphery of posterior part of prostate
Prostate cancer lesions are more commonly found in the
Periphery of the posterior part
BPH usually found
Central
Presentation of prostate cancer
Symptoms of UTI, prostatism, metastatic disease in bone (spine) causing bone pain
Increasingly, carcinoma of prostate is found following
Investigation of elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in otherwise asymptomatic men
Differential diagnoses:
65 y/o, hesitancy, nocturia, weight loss, lower back pain
BPH
Prostate cancer
Prostatitis
Urethral stricture
Multiple myeloma
Neurological: CVA, Parkinson’s, spinal cord compression
questions to identity BPH or prostatic cancer
Family history
hormone use- increased testosterone
Haematuria
Bone pains elsewhere
Examination for BPH or prostate cancer
Digital rectal examination
DRE of prostate cancer
Enlarged prostate, hard and irregular, obliteration of median sulcus
(should be smooth and plum sized, feel 2 different lobes)
DRE in BPH
A lot larger and maybe firmer
Causes of a raised PSA
Prostate cancer
Infection
Inflammation
Large prostate
Urinary retention
PSA comes back as 35, what does this mean
Normal range is less than 40 for a 60-69 year old
More than 80% chance of prostate cancer as so high
Doing DRE can cause
Raised PSA