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urinary > Session 10 A Embryology > Flashcards

Session 10 A Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the 3 sets of excretory organs

A

Pronephros
Mesonephros and duct
Metanephros

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2
Q

Features of the development of the kidney system

A

Organisation of intermediate mesoderm

3 systems develop sequentially

Disappearance of one system marks the onset of development of the next developmental stage

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3
Q

1st kidney system forms in the

A

Cervical region

The Pronephros

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4
Q

What are these

A
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5
Q

Intermediate mesoderm goes on to form

A

Pronephros

Mesonephros

Metanephros

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6
Q
A
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7
Q

What day does the intermediate mesoderm start to form the primitive kidney system

A

Day 28, pulls down

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8
Q

Importance of Pronephros

A

First kidney system, never functions in humans

Pronephric duct extends from the cervical region to the cloaca, drives the development of the next stage (Mesonephros)

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9
Q

Mesonephric ducts develop caudal to the

A

Pronephric region

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10
Q

Embryonic kidney is made up of

A

Mesonephric tubules and duct

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11
Q

What is lacking in the Mesonephros

A

No water conserving function

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12
Q

Why do we need to know about the Mesonephros

A

Important in development of male reproductive system

Spouts the ureteric bud which induces development of the definitive kidney

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13
Q

What forms Metanephros

A

Undifferentiated intermediate mesoderm, caudal to the Mesonephros

Ureteric bud induces development of the true kidney, Metanephros in this tissue

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14
Q

What does this show

A
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15
Q

What drives the development of the definitive kidney

A

Ureteric bud

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16
Q

The collecting system is derived from the

A

Ureteric bud itself

17
Q

The excretory component is derived from the

A

Intermediate mesoderm under the influence of the ureteric bud

18
Q

Describe the ascent of the kidney

A

Metanephric kidney first appears in the pelvic region

Undergoes an apparent caudal to cranial shift, crossing the arterial fork formed by vessels returning blood from the fetus to the placenta

19
Q

What does this show

A
20
Q

Abnormalities in ureter development

A

Ureteric bud fails to interact with the intermediate mesoderm (renal agenesis)

Migration goes awry

Duplication defects

Ectopic ureter

Cystic disease

21
Q

Structural abnormalities related to migration

A
22
Q

Duplication defects and ectopic urethral orifices

A

Splitting of ureteric bud

Partial or complete

Symptomatic consequence is ectopic ureteral opening

23
Q

to begin with, the reproductive tract, urinary tract and GI tract share a common

A

Caudal opening

24
Q

hindgut ends in

A

A dilated structure- the cloaca

Closed to the outside by the cloacal membrane- no mesoderm

25
Q

Urogenital sinus is created from

A

Hindgut by urorectal septum

26
Q

Urogenital sinus is continuous with

A

Umbilicus

27
Q

Urachus closes to become the

A

Medial umbilical ligament

28
Q

What is this

A
29
Q

Features of urogenital sinus

A

Superior part connects to umbilicus

Majority differentiates to form the urinary bladder

Inferior part develops into the urethra (sex differences in structural development)

30
Q

Lower part of the urogenital sinus (urethra) forms what in men and women

A

Women: all urethra, clitoris

Men: membranous and prostatic urethra, spongy tissue of penis

31
Q

Female development vs men

A

Female: MD reach UGS, UB sprouts from MD, UGS begins to expand, MD regresses

Men: MD reach UGS, UB sprouts from MD, UGS begins to expand, smooth musculature begins to appear, UB and MDs make independent openings in UGS

32
Q

The nephrogenic cord gives rise to three sets of foundational renal structures

A

Pronephros- degrade at end of week 4
Mesonephros- form the trigone
Metanephros- permanent kidney

33
Q

Metanephric blastema releases

A

growth factors, these cause uteric bud to form from Mesonephric duct

34
Q

Mesonephric duct releases growth factors which cause the

A

Metanephric blastema to grow

Forms ureteric stalk- renal pelvis, minor and major calyx, millions of collecting tubes

Metanephric blastema- nephron

35
Q

From 5-6 weeks the

A

Mesonephric duct absorbed into bladder to form trigone

36
Q

By week 10

A

The kidney is functional and the urinary system is developed enough to secrete urine

urinary (20 decks)

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