Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Urinary > Extras Sessions 1-4 > Flashcards

Extras Sessions 1-4 Flashcards

1
Q

Which structure encloses the kidney and adrenal gland

A

Renal fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which organ can be located anterior to the left kidney

A

Spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In the embryo, what is the first kidney system to develop

A

Pronephros

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The ascent of a horseshoe kidney into the lumbar retroperitoneal area is restricted by the ___ which hooks over the fused lower poles

A

IMA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which component of mesoderm gives rise to the kidney

A

Intermediate- urogenital ridge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

which vessel crosses over the ureter at the level of the pelvic brim

A

Ovarian artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The ureters descend through the abdomen along the anterior surface of the

A

Psoas major

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What separates the adrenal glands from the kidneys

A

Perirenal fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What lies anterior to the right adrenal gland

A

Inferior vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The gastrosplenic and splenorenal ligaments are part of which structure

A

Greater omentum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the apex of the bladder connection to umbilicus

A

By median umbilical ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which branch of the internal iliac artery is most associated with arterial supply to the bladder

A

Superior vesicular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which parr of the nephron helps to regulate serum pH

A

Distal convoluted tubule - responsible for reabsorbing bicarbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which part of the nephron is responsible for 100% of amino acid reabsorption

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which part of the nephron is responsible for 100% of glucose reabsorption

A

PCT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In which part of the nephron does ADH act to increase water reabsorption

A

CD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What tissue is this

A

Perirenal fat (peri means around)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is activated in a response to haemorrhage to cause a decrease in GFR

A

Sympathetic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What would happen to the GFR if the glomerular oncotic pressure decreased

A

Increase

Oncotic pressure in glomerulus opposes filtration

20
Q

What would happen to the GFR if the tubular hydrostatic pressure increased

A

Decrease

Opposing force to capillary hydrostatic pressure

21
Q

What does the Bowman’s capsule do

A

Filter blood and produce ultra filtrate which contains high sodium

22
Q

Patient with renal disease has high creatinine in blood but low creatinine in urine. What condition is best indicated?

A

Decreased kidney function

23
Q

Fluid in Bowman’s capsule in a patient with high creatinine due to Lupus nephritis would be most similar to

A

Plasma

24
Q

Renal clearance =

A

Urine conc x volume
/
Plasma conc

25
Q

Units for urine volume in clearance

A

Ml per min

26
Q

What diuretic is best for a patient with heart failure, low GFR, and loop diuretic resistance

A

Thiazide like

27
Q

Features of Spironolactone

A

Only K+ sparing that is not selective as mineralocorticoid receptor, can cause gynecomastia, acts in CD

28
Q

Drug given for Hypertension and heart failure, causes glucose intolerance, hypokalemia and uricemia

What is it

A

Thiazides: act in DCT

29
Q

Patient with hypertension develops hypokalaemia, metabolic acidosis and ototoxicity after treatment with what

A

Loop diuretic

30
Q

Patient given a loop diuretic for hypertension, develops hypokalaemia

Needs K+ sparing

Where would the drug act

A

Collecting duct= blocks ENAC, prevents reabsorption of 3% filtered Na+

31
Q

What drug has a short duration, inhibits Na/K/CC2 transporter

Decreases Na+ reabsorption by 30%

A

Loop diuretic

32
Q

Which type of diuretic increases Calcium excretion

A

Loop

33
Q

Potential side effects of Spironolactone

A

Gynecomastia, impotence, BPH

34
Q

Gout and hyperuricemia are side effects of

A

Loop diuretics

35
Q

Which drug reduces mortality for heart failure after MI

A

Spironolactone

36
Q

What acute compensatory mechanism will occur in the nephron upon a patient with orthosteric hypotension standing up

A

an increase in the glomerular filtration rate of the same nephron- reduced pressure to afferent allows more blood flow into glomerulus

37
Q

What is the effect of aldosterone on blood pressure, where is it produced and where does it act

A

Increases BP, adrenal gland, DCT

Aldosterone increases salt and water absorption, upregulates Na/K+/ATPase

38
Q

What features of the ascending LOH have resulted in low osmolality

A

Permeable to ions but impermeable to water

More dilute in ascending LOH as ions can leave the tubule but water cannot

39
Q

What adaptations in the kidney will have occured in response to hypertension

A

Decreased release of renin

increased Na+ and Cl- in DCT will mean less renin is released

40
Q

What is the most appropriate physiological response by macula densa cells to low bp

A

Stimulate JG cells to secrete renin

41
Q

What is the most likely cause of syncope in a patient whose been outside all day in the heat with no fluids

A

Hypovolaemia as lost in sweat

42
Q

What is the most likely explanation for the disturbance in serum sodium concentration as a result of sucrose being put in a wound

A

Subcutaneous absorption of sucrose

Excreted in urine

Hypertonic hyponatremia

Dilutional drop in measured sodium due to presence of osmotically active molecules in serum, which causes water to shift from ICF compartment to ECF compartment

43
Q

What is the action of ADH

A

v1 receptor, vasoconstriction

44
Q

Loss of which renal function is most likely to be identified by the lab measurement of the urine specific gravity following deprivation

A

Concentration

lower water intake = higher specific gravity

45
Q

What physiological response is the primary cause of Hyponatraemia in a patient with SIADH

A

Excess water reabsorption in collecting duct

Urinary (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions