Serotonin Syndrome Differentials Flashcards
What condition is characterized by a drug history involving 5HT 2A or 5HTA agonists?
Serotonin toxicity
What is the typical onset time for serotonin toxicity?
<12 hours
Symptoms of serotonin toxicity usually appear within 12 hours of drug ingestion.
What pupil condition is observed in serotonin toxicity?
Mydriasis
Mydriasis refers to the dilation of pupils, which is a common sign of serotonin toxicity.
What is the predominant cause of neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
Dopamine antagonist
Anti-psychotics: Clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone
Anti-emetics: Metoclopramide, promethazine, domperidone, droperidol, prochlorperazine
What is the onset time for neuroleptic malignant syndrome symptoms?
Days
Symptoms of neuroleptic malignant syndrome can take days to develop after the introduction of the offending drug.
What is the skin condition associated with neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
Sweaty but pale
Patients with neuroleptic malignant syndrome often present with sweating and pale skin.
How is bowel sound tone affected in serotonin toxicity?
Hyperactive
Increased bowel activity is a common finding in serotonin toxicity.
What reflex condition is associated with serotonin toxicity?
Hyperreflexia and clonus
Hyperreflexia and clonus are indicative of increased neuromuscular excitability in serotonin toxicity.
What is a key mental status change in serotonin toxicity?
Agitation progressing to coma
Patients may present with increased agitation that can progress to a comatose state.
What is the primary drug history associated with anticholinergic toxicity?
Antihistamines
Antihistamines
Atropine
Tricyclic antidepressants
Phenothiazines
Anti-Parkinson’s drugs
Cyclobenzaprine
Scopolamine
Eye drops
What is the typical onset time for anticholinergic toxicity symptoms?
<12 hours
Symptoms usually appear within 12 hours after exposure to anticholinergic agents.
What pupil condition is associated with anticholinergic toxicity?
Mydriasis
Similar to serotonin toxicity, mydriasis is also a sign of anticholinergic toxicity.
What is the skin condition associated with anticholinergic toxicity?
Hot, red and dry
Anticholinergic toxicity often presents with hot, dry skin due to reduced sweating.
What is the neuromuscular tone observed in neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
Lead-pipe rigidity
Lead-pipe rigidity is a characteristic feature of neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
What reflex condition is typically seen in neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
Decreased
Reflexes are usually decreased or absent in neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
What is the mental status change associated with anticholinergic toxicity?
Agitated delirium
Patients may experience confusion and agitation leading to delirious states.
What is the onset time for malignant hyperthermia symptoms?
Minutes-24 hours
Symptoms of malignant hyperthermia can develop rapidly, often within minutes to 24 hours after exposure to triggering agents.
What is the skin condition associated with malignant hyperthermia?
Sweaty and mottled
Patients with malignant hyperthermia typically present with sweaty and mottled skin.
What is the bowel sound tone observed in neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
Normal
Unlike serotonin toxicity, bowel sounds are typically normal in neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
What reflex condition is typically observed in anticholinergic toxicity?
Hyporeflexia
Reflexes tend to be diminished in cases of anticholinergic toxicity.
True or False: Serotonin toxicity and anticholinergic toxicity both present with mydriasis.
True
Both conditions exhibit mydriasis as a common symptom.
Fill in the blank: In serotonin toxicity, the skin is typically _______.
Sweaty
Sweating is a characteristic sign of serotonin toxicity.
What causes neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
Antipsychotic medications or rapid withdrawal of dopaminergic medication
