Serology-immunology Flashcards
study of all the aspects of the immune system, including its structure and function.
Immunology
A branch of biomedical science that deals with the response of an organism to antigenic challenge and its recognition of what is self and non-self
Immunology
Division of immunology that specializes in the laboratory detection and measurement of antigens and antibodies
Serology
A term used to describe the aggregation of particulate test antigens to form larger complexes when specific antibodies are present
Agglutination
Two stages of agglutination
Sensitization
Lattice Formation
Represents the physical attachment of antibody molecules to antigens
Sensitization
the establishment of crosslinks between sensitized particles and antibodies, resulting in aggregation
Lattice Formation
Occurs when antigens are found naturally on a particle
Direct agglutination
Uses particles that are coated with antigens not normally found on their surfaces
Passive/indirect agglutination
uses carries particles attached to antibody rather than antigens
Reverse passive agglutination
Based on the competition between particulate and soluble antigens for limited antibody-combining sites
in this type, the agglutination indicates a positive result
Agglutination inhibition
Refers to the aggregation of soluble test antigens with soluble antibodies to produce visible insoluble complexes
Precipitation
How can precipitation be measured
by light scattering using turbidimetry and nephelometry.
A midway reaction between agglutination and precipitation
A process of contact and adhesion where dispersed molecules are held together by weak physical interactions
Flocculation
Is a reaction in which the specific antibody has a capacity to nullify/neutralize the reactive effect of a particular antigen
Neutralization
The substance that is measured in the laboratory is called
Analyte
are developed to measure antigens or antibodies that may be small In size or present in low concentrations
Labeled Immunoassays
Uses radioactive labels such as iodine-131, iodine-125, and tritiated hydrogen
Radioimmunoassay
Utilizes enzymes such as horseradish peroxidase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and B-D-galactosidase as labels
Enzyme immunoassay
are naturally occurring molecules that catalyze certain biochemical reactions
Enzymes
Employs fluorophores or fluorochromes as tags/labels
Fluorescent Immunoassay
Makes use of chemiluminescent compounds
Chemiluminescent Immunoassay
are procedures done in the laboratory to determine bacterial infections associated with persistent fever.
Bacterial agglutination tests
Specific test for typhoid fever
Widal test
non-specific test for typhus fever
Weil-Felix test
Diagnostic test for streptococcal infections
ASO (Antistreptolysin O) test
Non-specific tests for syphilis
RPR (Rapid plasma reagin) slide test
Specific test for syphilis
TPHA (Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay) test
Non specific marker for inflammantion/infection
C-RP (C-reactive protein) latex test
Non-specific marker for inflammation/infection
C3c radioimmunodiffusion (RID) test
It is used to determine the presumptive titer of the heterophile antibodies
Paul-Bunnell test
Classical reference method for the diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis
Davidsohn differential test
