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Visceral Disorders COPY (Frontier) > Serology > Flashcards

Serology Flashcards

1
Q

What substance is responsible for the brown color of feces?

A

Stercobilin

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2
Q

What is normal colonic transit time?

A

24-48 hours

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3
Q

What does clay colored (gray-white) or tan stools indicate?

A

Biliary obstruction

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4
Q

What does black and tarry stools indicate?

A

Upper GI bleeding like an ulcer

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5
Q

What does green stools indicate?

A

Either green leafy vegetables or broad spectrum antibiotics

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6
Q

Greasy/buttery stools are associated with what condition?

A

Cystic fibrosis

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7
Q

Megafeces is associated with what condition?

A

Megacolon

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8
Q

Does upper or lower GI bleeding appear as red?

A

LOWER

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9
Q

What is the test done for occult blood?

A

Guiac (FOBT)

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10
Q

Which is the most prevalent immunoglobulin (75%)?

A

IgG

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11
Q

Which immunoglobulin is responsible for the ABO blood grouping and Rh factor?

A

IgM

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12
Q

Which immunoglobulin is present primarily in respiratory and GI secretions and in saliva and tears?

A

IgA

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13
Q

What is the screening test used to semiquantitatively measure various proteins which are electrically separated?

A

Electrophoresis

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14
Q

What is the substance capable of binding to an antibody (thus providing a positive test)?

A

Antigens

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15
Q

What is the relationship between titer number and virulence of the organism?

A

DIRECT

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16
Q

What pathogen is responsible for syphilis?

A

Treponeum pallidium (spirochete)

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17
Q

What examination is diagnostic for syphilis in the primary stage?

A

Darkfield

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18
Q

What sign is indicative of primary syphilis?

A

Chancre (PAINLESS)

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19
Q

What is the immunologic stage of syphilis where the patient can experience malaise, fever, rash, and possible CNS involvement?

A

Secondary

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20
Q

What is the characteristic sign of tertiary syphilis?

A

Gummas (soft granulomatous lesions)

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21
Q

The Darkfield exam is specific for what pathogen?

A

T. Pallidium spirochete for syphilis

22
Q

What tests makes up the nontreponemal tests?

A

VDRL, RPR to measure IgM and IgG antibodies (NOT specific)

23
Q

What is the most sensitive syphilis confirmation test?

A

Fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption test

24
Q

What are the 5 D’s of Charcot joints?

A
  • -Distension,
  • -Density,
  • -Debris,
  • -Dislocation,
  • -Disorganization,
  • -Destruction
25
What is the pathogen responsible for Lyme Disease?
Borrelia burgdorferi
26
What is the hallmark sign for lyme disease?
Circular (bulls-eye) rash
27
What is the name for the circular skin rash associated with lyme disease?
Erythema migrans
28
What is the two tiered system for CDC protocol to diagnose lyme disease?
1 sensitive ELISA test 2 if positive, then more specific Western blot test
29
What test is used for a streptococcal infection?
ASOT (antisteptolysin O titer)
30
What is the pathogen responsible for mono?
Epstein Barr virus
31
What is the test done for mono?
Monospot (heterophile Ab screening test)
32
What is the hallmark sign in the blood for mono?
Atypical lymphocytes
33
What is another name for rubella?
German measles
34
What is the major concern with rubella?
Dangerous to fetus in the first trimester, especially
35
When does diagnosis from HIV to AIDS occur?
When CD4 count drops below 200
36
What test measures the amount of HIV in the blood?
Viral load
37
What does the CD4 count generally measure?
How well the immune system is functioning
38
Which are the seropostive arthropathies?
RA, SLE, scleroderma, Jaccoud's
39
What are the seronegative arthropathies?
AS, psoriatic, Reiter's/reactive, enteropathic
40
Which is positive for seronegative arthropathies: RF or HLA-B27?
HLA-B27
41
ANA is used to diagnose what condition?
Lupus
42
RA mostly affects which joints?
MCPs, PIPs, and wrists
43
What is the name of the reactive IgM seen with RA?
RF
44
Tests for the rheumatoid factor with RA are direct toward the identification of which antibodies?
IgM
45
AS predominately affects what part of the axial skeleton?
Sacroiliac joints
46
What is a synonym for AS?
Marie Strumpell's Disease/Rhizomelic spondylitis
47
What is the gender bias for AS?
Males
48
What is the name for the initial changes with AS of synovial proliferation and inflammatory cellular infiltrate?
Pannus
49
If bilateral sacroilitis is suspected, what lab test would be helpful?
HLA-B27 (to rule out AS)
50
What two things must be considered when unilateral sacroilitis is seen?
Infection or AS (do CBC and HLA-B27)

Visceral Disorders COPY (Frontier) (10 decks)

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