Serious injury management Flashcards
What are the list of serious injuries?
- Neck injury
- Head injury
- Cardiac injuries
- Internal injuries
What should you have to prepare yourself for a serious injury?
Medical emergency action plan
- Know where stretchers are
- Spine braces
- Slings
- defib
Instead of TOTAPS how should you respond to a serious injury?
DRSABCD
Which fractures are medical emergencies?
- Pelvic
- Femoral
- Vertebral
- Others
Whats the sport with highest incidence of SCI?
Diving most common out of other sports for SCI
- Percentage still sigificantly greather than other sports - Evidence dated
What are mechanism of neck injuries?
80% accelerating neck due to striking a stationary object
- Whiplash
Whats GCS?
- Glasgow Coma Scale
- Eye, verbal and motor response
How to treat an unconscious patient?
Consciousness altered: immobilise –> hospital
Airway management takes precedence over spine
What are the four steps to neck assessment?
- MOI
- Peripheral strength and sensitisation without moving head or neck
- Palpate the neck for asymmetric spasm or tenderness at spine
- Assess active ROM of neck (if above all clear)
What are signs and symptoms of a serious neck injury?
- Extreme neck pain or pressure
- Loss or altered sensation
- Diminished or loss of DTRs
- Muscle weakness or paralysis
What to do if a CSI is suspected?
- Cervical collar
- Backboard
- Ambulance transfer
What has resulted in less spinal injuries?
- Rule changes
- Better coaching
- Presence of health professionals
- Improvement of protective gear
What are the 3 types of ICH you should worry about
Epidural Hematoma
Subdural Haematoma
Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
Describe the location of the 3 ICH types
Epidural: between duramater and skull
Subdural: subarachnoid matter and dura matter
Subarachnoid- subarachnoid space
What are characteristics of an epidural hematoma?
Onset of symptoms occur within hours after initial injury
MOI : trauma to the head
May have a lucid interval
- Whats the progression of an epidural hematoma?
- Unconscious/concussion
- lucid consciousness
- Disoriented, confused, drowsy
- Headache with intensity
- Cranial nerve disruption
- Patient slips into a coma
- Death or permanent brain damage
Describe Subdural hematomas?
Stems from venous bleeding, between brain and duramater
Accounts for majority of deaths from athletic related head trauma
Symptoms may occur in minutes, hours, or some cases several weeks after
Whats the progression of subdural hematoma?
- May have a brief lucid interval
- ## As blood accumulates: headache develops, loss of consciounsess
What is subarachnoid hematome?
- Can occur spontaneously or head trauma
- Sudden, severe headache, neck pain, Nausa and vomitting, decreased vision, double vision, photophobia , stroke like symptoms
What is sudden cardiac death?
Unexpected, non traumatic death after 1hr of symptoms
- usually abnormalities with heart
- Usually seen in HIIT sports
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
What are the signs and symptoms of a spleen injury?
- Pain in upper left abdomen
- Left shoulder pain (Kehr’s sign)
- Palpation: tenderness
- Nausea and vomitting
- Signs of shock
Describe liver and kidney injuries from trauma
Liver
- Pain in upper R) side abdomen, R) shoulder pain
Kidneys: Flank pain, blood in urine
