SEPT. 12 & SEPT. 19 Flashcards
What is one of the most important skills of a nurse?
Communication
What is a basic term for communication?
Acting on information
What is human communication?
Making sense of the world and sharing that sense with others, through verbal and nonverbal messages
What is interpersonal communication?
Transnational form of communication, involves mutual influence to manage human relationships
What is therapeutic communication?
Interpersonal communication, but with therapeutic intent
Can interpersonal communication ONLY influence relationships positively?
No, it can influence relationships in positive and negative ways
What is a mutual influence goal?
Not about who wins or loses in a communication act, but about being understood and accepted by the other person
What is intrapersonal communication?
“self-talk”, communication with oneself
Is communication reversible?
No, it is complicated and irreversible (“Can’t be unseen, can’t be unsaid”)
What are the 3 models for interpersonal communication?
- Human communication as action: human communication is linear, from source to receiver
- Human communication as interaction: linear, action-and-reaction sequence of events
- Human communication as Transaction: Communication is simultaneously interactive
What model best describes interpersonal communication?
Human communication as transaction
What is the different between implicit and explicit rules of interpersonal communication?
Implicit: rules are not openly communicated
explicit: rules are clear and communicated
What is the communibiological theory?
States that there may be some genetic or neuropsychological component to communication, making some people naturally better than others
What does being other-oriented entail?
The ability to understand where others are coming from, to “get inside their heads” and see things from their perspective.
(“It’s not about you, it’s about us”)
What are the 7 steps to the Eclectic Approach?
- Engagement
- Clear definition of the problem
- Integration (hearing the story)
- Identify/Build on client strengths
- Generate solutions
- Plan
- Closure
What are the 5 steps to the Ivey & Ivey Framework?
- Initiate session
- Gather data
- Mutual goal setting
- Working phase
- Termination phase
What are 4 ways the Eclectic approach and Ivey & Ivey are similar?
- Both want to know the client’s story
- both focus on positive aspects of client
- Both use reframing
- Both encourage clients to put new ideas into action
What are the 7 basic guidelines to improve listening skills?
- Stop: Focus on other person
- Look: at nonverbal cues
- Listen: for message
- Empathy: put yourself in their position
- Focus on moment: minimize distractions
- Ask questions: clarify what was said
- Be patient: improving the listening process takes time
What is paraphrasing?
Reflecting back the client’s own ideas to them
What is interpreting?
Suggesting possible explanations for the client’s thoughts, feelings, or behaviour (linking events, making associations, implying cause, etc.)
What is confronting?
Bringing to the client’s attention any incongruities,
in a therapeutic manner (ex: if their verbal and nonverbal cues don’t match)
What is reflection?
Reporting back what the client said, to encourage that you are listening and for them to continue
What is clarifying?
To sort out any unclear or contradictory messages, in a therapeutic manner
What is reframing?
Working with client to change thinking/acting to change behaviour
What are the 4 components of Glasser’s Car?
Thinking: thoughts, beliefs, ideas, etc.
Acting: acting, expressing, gestures, movements, etc.
Feeling: emotions
Physiology: body sensations, biological patterns
What does perception mean?
How people experience the world and make sense of what we experience (interpretation is a key component)
What is interpersonal perception?
Deciding how people are, and making sense of their actions
What are the 3 stages of perception processing?
- Selection: Tuning in to a sensory input
- Organization: figuring out our world by creating categories and linking them together and filling in any gaps in what we perceive
- Interpreting: Making sense of what we perceived (usually socially or culturally mediated)
what is the primacy effect?
Process of attending to the first pieces of info we observe about another person. We emphasize what comes first
What is the recency effect?
Tendency to put a lot of stock in the last thing we observe. We emphasize what comes last
What is Attribution Theory?
States the need to explain how we ascribe specific motives and causes to the behaviours of others. Helps us interpret what people do and why they are doing it.
What is Causal Attribution Theory?
A theory of attribution, based on determining whether a person’s actions are caused by circumstance, a stimulus, or the person themselves.
What is the difference between passive and active perception?
Passive perception: occurs without conscious effort, simply in response to one’s surroundings.
Active perception: perception that occurs because you seek out specific info through intentional observation and questioning.
what is a stereotype?
Pre-existing, rigid ideas/expectations of others. Attributing a set of qualities to a person because o their membership in a particular category
What is the Fundamental Attribution Error?
When you’re more likely to assume someone made a conscious choice to hurt you in some way than considering there may be another reason beyond the person’s control
What is the difference between hearing and listening?
Hearing: Physiological process of decoding sound
Listening: How we process verbal & nonverbal messages
What are the 5 steps to processing sound?
- selecting: Choosing a sound to focus on
- Attending: Focusing on the sound
- Understanding: Processing the sound and assigning meaning
- Remembering: Recalling the info processed
- Responding: Providing confirmation that message was understood or not
What is a relational listening style?
The tendency to prefer listening to people’s expressions of their emotions and feelings
What is an analytical listening style?
The tendency to focus on facts and tend to withhold judgement before reaching a specific conclusion
What is a task-oriented listening style?
Being more interested in focusing on achieving a specific outcome rather than focusing on the communication relationship (want to do something with the info heard, for it to serve a purpose)
According to Brene Brown, what are some differences between empathy and sympathy?
Empathy fuels connection:
-Feeling with people
-To connect with someone else, you need to know how they are feeling
-Putting yourself on the same level, not looking down on the person
Sympathy drives connection:
-Trying to put the “silver-lining” around something
-“feeling” for someone
-Need to be careful with sympathy, as it isn’t always best
