sepsis and shock Flashcards
what are the 4 main types of shock?
cardiogenic shock
hypovolemic shock
obstructive shock
distributive shock
when does cardiogenic shock occur?
when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the bodys needs.
it can result from conditions such as heart attack, congestive heart failure, severe arhythmmias
what are symptoms of cardiogenic shock?
low blood pressure, rapid heartbeat, signs of poor blood flow to the organs
what is hypovolemic shock?
caused by a significant loss of blood volume: trauma, surgery, fluid loss, dehydration, burns.
the blood doesnt have enough blood to circulate, leading to low blood pressure and inadequate perfusion of organs.
what are symptoms of hypovolemic shock?
weakness, rapid heartbeat and pale skin
what is obstructive shock?
occurs when there is physical obstruction in the circulation, preventing blood from reaching the heart or lung.
eg an pulmonary embolism, tension pneumothorax
what are symptoms of obstructive shock?
shortness of breath, low blood pressure, chest pain.
what is distributive shock
characterised by a widespread of vasodilation (expansion of blood vessels), which leads to relative hypovolemia despite normal or increased blood volume.
what are the different subtypes of distributive shock?
septic shock (due to infection)
anaphylactic shock (due to severe allergic reactions)
neurogenic shock (due to spinal cord injury)
what are the main causes and treatments of cardiogenic shock?
causes:
MI,
heart failure,
arrhythmias,
cardiomyopathy,
treatments:
inotropes to improve heart function
diuretics to reduce fluid overload
mechanical support devices- intra-aortic balloon pump
coronary interventions- stenting
what are the main causes of hypovolemic shock?
trauma leading to blood loss
severe dehydration (vomiting, diarrhea)
burns causing fluid loss
what are the treatments of hypovolemic shock?
IV fluids
blood transfusions
stop the bleeding
what are the causes of obstructive shock?
pulmonary embolism
tension pneumorthorx (air trapped in the chest cavity)
cardiac tamponade (fluid accumulation around the heart)
what are the treatments of obstructive shock?
addressing the obstruction- eg thrombolysis for pulmonary embolism
needle decompression for tension pneumothorax
pericardiocentesis for cardiac tamponarde
what are the causes of distributive shock?
septic shock
anaphylactic shock
neurogenic shock (spinal cord injury)
what are the treatments for distributive shock?
antibiotics for septic shock
epinephrine and antihistamines for anaphylactic shock
Iv fluids and vasopressors to support blood pressure.
what does NEWS2 stand for? and what is it used for?
national early warning score 2.
a tool used in healthcare to assess the severity of illness in patients, particulary for conditions like sepsis, early detection
what is included in NEWS2?
resp rate,
oxygen sats, (AIR or OXYGEN)
blood pressure,
heart rate,
level of consciousness
GCS
temperature.
what does the news2 score go up to?
0-20. higher score being an indication of greater risk of deterioration
