respiratory conditions Flashcards
what is TB?
tubercuiosis:
bacterial infectious disease that causes infection in the lungs and other tissues.
no symptoms of TB= inactive or latent TB dormat (sleeping) inside the body
what are the 3 stages of TB?
primary infection (The primary infection usually occursTrusted Source in the middle part of the lungs. From there, the infection typically enters a latent, or inactive, stage but can sometimes quickly develop into active TB disease.)
latent TB infection
(A latent TB infection occursTrusted Source when someone gets a TB infection, but their immune system makes it inactive and stops the bacterium from growing. People with a latent infection do not feel ill and cannot spread TB to others.)
active TB disease (n active TB infection, or TB disease, occurs when the TB bacterium grows and attacks the lungs or other parts of the body. This happens because the immune system cannot fight the bacterium effectively. TB disease causes symptoms and can spread to other)
what are the 2 types of TB?
extrapulmonary TB- Extrapulmonary TB .
that involves parts of the body outside of the lungs, such as the bones or organs. Symptoms depend on the part of the body affected.
systemic milariy TB potentially life-threatening type of tuberculosis that occurs when a large number of the bacteria travel through the bloodstream and spread throughout the body. and cause:
meningitis
high levels of blood cells in urine
potts disease
addisons (adrenal gland condition)
hepatitis (liver infection)
lymphadenitis
what are the causes of TB?
bacterium, spread through the air
spend alot of time with someone to catch it
what are the signs and symptoms of TB?
inactive TB- no symptoms- blood test to confirm
bad cough
pain in the chest
coughing up blood or mucus
fatigue or weakness
loss of appetite
weight loss
chills
fever
night sweats
what is the diagnosis for TB?
medical history and symptoms
physical examination
tuberculin skin test- involves injecting a small amount of tuberculin protein under the skin. after 48 hours its checked for a reaction which indiactes exposure to tbacteria
chest x ray
sputum test
how is TB treated?
6 months antibiotics
what is asthma? and what happens during asthma to the body
chronic disease that affects the lungs. triggered by various factors including allergens like pollen, dust and pets, respiratory infections.
bronchconstriction- muscles around the airway constrict, making airways narrow air cannot flow smoothly.
inflammation: the lining of the airways become swollen. alirways dont let out as much air in or out your lungs.
mucus production- during a attack your body creates thick mucus clogging the airways.
what is the difference between intermittent and persistent asthma?
intermittent- asthma comes and goes
persistant- symptoms alot of the time
what are causes of asthma?
allergies, enviromental factors, genetics, respiratory infections
what are examples of allergic causes and non allergic causes of asthma?
allergic- mold, pollen and pet dander
non allergic- exercise, stress, illness and weather
what is asthma- COPD overlap syndrome?
when you have both asthma and copd making it difficult to breathe
what are common triggers of asthma?
air pollution, mold, tabacco smoke, dust mites, pests, strong chemicals, exercise, pets, occupational exposures
what are symptoms of asthma?
chest tightness, coughing, SOB, wheezing
how would you diagnose asthma?
medical history
physical examination
lung function test
peak fflow (how well air moves out of your lungs)
monitorung
allergy testing
what are the treatments of asthma?
JRCALC:
moderate asthma: administer prednisolone.
severe asthma:
administer nebulised salbutamol.
if no improvement: administer ipratropium bromide
administer steroids: prednsolone/ hydrocortsione.
life threating asthma:
continous salbutamol nebulisation.
no improvement: ipratopium bromide
no improvement: administer a single dose of iv magnesium
continious deteriation: administer adrenaline 1:1000.
administer steroids: perdnisolone/ hydrocortisonez
bronchodilators- relax the airway muscle and let mucus move easier
anti inflammatory medicanes: reduce swelling and mucus production in the airways. making it easier for air to enter and exist the lungs
Biologic treatments are also known as monoclonal antibodies. They can help patients control certain types of asthma better. They work by targeting and blocking specific pathways of inflammation in severe asthma.
what is respiratory failure?
not enough oxygen or co2 in the body. can be acute and happen quickly or chronic
what are the 4 types of respiratory failure?
hypoxemic
hypercapnia
perioperative respiratory failure
resp failure due to shock
what is hypoxemic?
not enough oxygen in the body.
heart and lung causes are the most common causes
what is hypercapnic?
to much co2 in the blood. not enough room for your body to carry oxygen.
causes:
heart, lung, muscle and neurological conditions.
medications
what is perioperative respiratory failure?
when you have surgery- anesthesia can keep you from breathing properly
air sacs in the lungs can collapse and keep oxygen from getting into the blood
how does shock cause resp failure
decreased perfusion due to not enough blood flow in the organs- lead to reduced oxygen delivery and impaired gas exchanage
pulmonary edema- fluid interferes with gas exchange
increased work of breathing due to shock
multi organ dysfunction
