separation techniques Flashcards

1
Q

mobile phase

A

a gas or liquid where the molecules are able to move

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2
Q

stationary phase

A

a solid or thick liquid where the molecules are unable to move

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3
Q

solute

A

a substance dissolved in a solvent to make a solution

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4
Q

solvent

A

a liquid in which a solute can be dissolved

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5
Q

solution

A

a mixture mad up of one substance dissolved in another

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6
Q

why should you use pencil in chromatography?

A

it is insoluble and won’t dissolve in the solvent and affect the results

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7
Q

filtration

A

used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

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8
Q

chromatography

A

used to separate the substances in a mixture based on how the components interact with a mobile and stationary phase

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9
Q

crystallisation

A

the formation of solid crystals as water evaporates from a solution

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10
Q

insoluble

A

the solid can’t be dissolved in the liquid

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11
Q

crystallisation process

A
  1. pour solution into an evaporating dish and gently heat
  2. once some of the solvent has evaporated or you see crystals start to form, remove the dish from the heat and leave it solution to cool
  3. salt should start to form crystals as it becomes insoluble
  4. filter the crystals out of the solutions and leave them in a warm place to dry
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12
Q

evaporation process

A
  1. pour the solution into an evaporating dish
  2. slowly heat the solution
  3. keep heating until all you have left are dry crystals
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13
Q

when do you have to use crystallisation?

A

if the salt doesn’t decompose when its heated

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14
Q

simple distillation

A

used for separating a liquid from a solution

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15
Q

simple distillation process

A
  1. solution is heated, lowest boiling point evaporates first
  2. vapour is then cooled, condenses and is collected
  3. rest of the solution left behind in the flask
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16
Q

issue with simple distillation

A

can only separate things with very different boiling points as if the temp goes higher than the boiling point of the highest substance, they will mix again

17
Q

fractional distillation process

A
  1. heat the mixture
  2. the liquid with the lowest boiling point will evaporate first, it will reach the top of the column
  3. liquids with higher boiling points might also start to evaporate but the column is cooler at the top so they will condense and run back down
  4. when the first liquid has been collected, you raise the temperature for the next one
18
Q

filtration process

A
  1. filter paper placed in funnel over beaker/flask
  2. pour mixture through funnel
  3. insoluble product left on filter paper
19
Q

what method should be used to separate a soluble solid from a solution if it decomposes when heated?

A

crystallisation

20
Q

soluble

A

can be dissolved

21
Q

insoluble

A

can’t be dissolved