separating techniques

Question 1

filtration

Answer 1

seperate an insoluble solid for a liquid
solid is collected in the filter paper (residue)
liquid is collected in the conical flask (filtrate)

Question 2

how do you separate mixtures

Answer 2

using filtration and evaporation/ crystallization

Question 3

crystallization

Answer 3

separate solutions, soluble solid from a liquid
only liquid will evaporate because it has a lower bpt
not all water needs to be evaporated:
- produce larger crystals
- prevents solid from sticking to the glass
- prevents decomposition

Question 4

how do you separate miscible liquids

Answer 4

fractional distillation and chromatography

Question 5

seperation funnel

Answer 5

separates immiscible liquids
most dense liquid collectes at the bottom

Question 6

chromatography

Answer 6

relise on different solubility
particles move up the pare as the solvent particles attract to the paper. particles in mixtures attract to the solvent particles with different strengths (solubility). The stronger the strength the more up the chemical moves
used to identify the chemicals in a mixtures

Question 7

chromatography method

Answer 7

1. place the solvent in beaker to 2cm
2. draw a pencil line 2.5cm from the base of the paper
3. place 1 drop of mixture on the base line
4. stand chromatography paper in solvent and cover with lid
5. leave until solvent reaches 1cm from the top of the paper.
6. draw a pencil line showing the distance of solvent (solvent front)
7. heat paper on hot plate to evaporate solvent

Question 8

fractional distillation

Answer 8

requires different boiling points
lower boiling point evaporates first
substance collected is condensed

Question 9

simple distillation

Answer 9

soluble solid and liquid
to collect liquid instead of evaporating it into the air

Question 10

calculating retention factor (Rf)

Answer 10

distance of component from base line
_______________________________

distance of solvent from base line

Question 11

fractional distillation method

Answer 11

heat mixture in a spherical flask
liquid w/ lower bpt evaporates and condenses in the condensor
switch bunsen burner off
collect liquid in beaker