metals Flashcards
where do metals occur
occurs in metallic elements and alloys
structure of metals
a lattice of cation and anion surrounded by delocalized e-s held together by electrostatic forces
how do metals react
by losing electrons to form cations. the less energy required for this the more reactive the metal is.
the more protons ….
the more energy is energy to lose electrons
the more electronsit needs to lose…
the more energy it takes to lose them
the more occupied energy levels…
the less energy it takes to lose the electrons
observations in displacement
temp. increase
solid changes colours well as solution
extraction
a chemical reaction to produce an element from its compound
what are metals present as?
ores, which have formed over billions of years.
ores are mixtures of compounds with a high % of metallic elements
the reactivity series
K
Na
Li
Ca
Mg
Al
Zn
Fe
Cu
Ag
Au
electrolysis
uses electrical energy to decompose a compound
iron ore
haemotite
reaction 1 in extraction of FE
C + O2 —> CO2
reaction 2 in extraction of Fe
CO2 + C —–> 2CO
reaction 3 in extraction of Fe
3CO + Fe2O3 –> 2Fe + 3CO2
removing impurities
CaCO3 —> CaO + CO2
CaO + SiO —> CaSiO3
used for roads
metal oxide properties
insoluble in water, but gp 1 reacts
high mpt
conducts electricity when liquid or aqeuos
how can you extract Cu and Ag
through decomposition
2CuO —> 2Cu + O2
how can you extract gp1-3
thorugh electrolysis
cations gather at negative cathode, anions at positive anode
how can you extract transistion metals
through carbon displacement
2ZnO + C —> 2Zn + CO2
alloy
a mixture which contains a metal and at least one other substance
ions of different sizes disrupt the lattice in an alloy. making the metal harder since the ions cannot slide as easily
reactivity of metals depends on
no. of protons- more protons more reactive
no. of electrons needing to be lost- more electrons the lower the reactivity
no. of occupied energy levels- more levels the higher the reactivity
