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bioloigcal psychology > Sensory Systems Vision And Touch > Flashcards

Sensory Systems Vision And Touch Flashcards

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1
Q

What is perception?

A

Higher order process of integrating, recognising and interpreting sensation

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2
Q

What’s the hierarchical organisation of sensory processing?

A 
Association cortex 
Secondary sensory cortex
Primary sensory cortex
Thalamic nuclei
Receptors
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3
Q

How does the eye take in light?

A

Light enters the eye through the pupil
Light then goes through the lens
Turns everything upside down

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4
Q

How are Neurons arranged?

A

In layers the receptor cells are the innermost layer

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5
Q

What’s a bundle of axons?

A

Optic nerve

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6
Q

What’s the fovea?

A

Specialised for high acuity vision

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7
Q

What’s the blind spot?

A

Gap in receptor layer

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8
Q

What are the receptors in the retina called?

A

Ross and cones

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9
Q

What are the rods?

A

Respond best to faint light
More rods than cones
Come together to make a ganglion cell

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10
Q

What are cones?

A

Respond best to bright light
Essential for colour vision
Each come associated with one ganglion cell

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11
Q

What do rods and cones contain?

A

Photo pigments

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12
Q

What happens when photo pigments are struck by light?

A

Release energy

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13
Q

What happens in the primary visual cortex?

A

Signals from left visual field reach right visual cortex and vice versa

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14
Q

What’s the optic chiasm?

A

Part where axons cross over

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15
Q

What happens after the optic chiasm?

A

Signals then go through thalamus and then to primary visual cortex

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16
Q

What does it mean that the visual pathway is retinotopic?

A

Each level of the system is organised like the retina

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17
Q

What’s the summary pathway?

A

Eye - retina - brain

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18
Q

How do we perceive edges?

A

Edge perception = contrast perception

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19
Q

Why do we need to move our eyes?

A

Critical for high acuity and so retinal images don’t disappear

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20
Q

What are saccades?

A

Brief eye movements

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21
Q

What does perception of an objects colour depend on?

A

Mixture of wavelengths

22
Q

What are the 2 principles of colour vision?

A

Component and opponent processing

23
Q

What are component processing “thrichromatic theory”?

A

3 different types of cones

Perceived colour depends on the relative activity of the 3 cones

24
Q

What’s opponent processing?

A

Neurons respond in opposite directions to complementary colours

Such as red-green and blue-yellow

25
Q

What’s the colour blindness test?

A

Isihara colour test

26
Q

Why does colour blindness happen?

A

Deficiency or absence of photopigments responsive to a certain wavelength

27
Q

What gene is colour blindness carried on?

A

X chromosome

28
Q

What is the process called in colour constancy?

A

Top down processing

29
Q

What is the primary sensory cortex?

A

Striate cortex

30
Q

What are the secondary sensory cortexes? (2)

A

Prestriate cortex

Inferotemporal cortex

31
Q

What is the posterior parietal cortex?

A

The association cortex

32
Q

What are the 2 major pathways/streams in visual system?

A

Dorsal and ventral

33
Q

What’s the binding problem?

A

How the visual areas produce a perception of a single object

34
Q

What’s one idea of the binding problem?

A

Sensory information converges into areas sensitive for more complex stimulus characteristics

35
Q

What’s the alternative idea of the binding process?

A

Binding of a percept requires simultaneous activity in the brain areas

Assembly of Neurons

36
Q

Touch and pain are aspects of which system?

A

Somatosensory system

37
Q

What’s the first pathway carrying receptors to the brain?

A

Carries info of touch and proprioception (position of the body)

38
Q

What’s the second pathway carrying receptors to the brain?

A

Carries info of pain and temperature

39
Q

What’s the s1?

A

Postcentral gyrus

40
Q

What’s the s2?

A

The secondary somatosensory cortex

41
Q

Which 2 neurotransmitters are released during pain?

A

Mild pain : glutamate

Strong pain : glutamate and substance P

42
Q

What happens in pain relief?

A

Body produces own opiates and endocrines

Which block release of substance P

43
Q

When are endorphins released?

A

Pleasant and unpleasant stimuli

44
Q

MOODLE

The optic nerves from the right and left eye initially meet at the _______

A

Optic chiasm

45
Q

The blind spot in each eye is blind because _______

A

There are no receptors there

46
Q

MOODLE

The fact that all colours on older televisions were created by combining only three different colours of light supports the _______ theory of colour vision

A

Trichromatic

47
Q

MOODLE

the enhancement of contrast at the edge of an object is the result of _____

A

Lateral inhibition in the retina

48
Q

MOODLE

Damage to the dorsal stream may interfere with _______

A

Reaching out to grasp an object

49
Q

MOODLE

Colour blindness results from _____

A

Deficiency or absence of photopigments responsive to a certain wavelength

50
Q

What is sensation?

A

Process of detecting the presence of a stimulus

51
Q

MOODLE

Studies with placebos and studies using hypnotism suggests that much of the reduction in pain is the result of decreased activation in the _______

A

Somatosensory areas of the cortex

52
Q

MOODLE

What processes is predicted by the gate-control theory of pain?

A

Pain information grows more intense as it passes each synapse on its way to the brain

bioloigcal psychology (10 decks)

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