Neurochemistry And Neurophysiology Of Nerve Transmission

Question 1

List the 5 parts of a cell

Answer 1

Soma (cell body) 
Dendrites 
Axon
Myelin sheath 
Presynaptic terminals

Question 2

What’s the difference between efferent and afferent?

Answer 2

Afferent carries info to

Efferent carries info away

Question 3

Which 2 places are clusters of cell bodies found?

Answer 3

NS nucleus

PNS ganglion

Question 4

Which 2 places will you find clusters of axons?

Answer 4

NS tract

PNS nerve

Question 5

What are micro glia?

Answer 5

Removes waste materials and microorganism virus/fungi

Question 6

Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells build myelin sheath, true or false

Answer 6

True

Question 7

What’s the radial glia?

Answer 7

They guide migration of neurons and growth of axon

Question 8

List 3 ways our body protects the NS?

Answer 8

Skull
Backbone
Blood-brain barrier

Question 9

What can get through blood-brain barrier?

Answer 9

O2 and co2

Question 10

What’s a nerve impulse?

Answer 10

Neurons conduct info via electrical impulses

Question 11

What do the glia do?

Answer 11

Receive and transmit info and support neurons

Remove waste materials

Question 12

What is the resting potential?

Answer 12

When more negative inside cell than outside

Question 13

What chemicals are present in negative

Answer 13

Chloride and protein

Question 14

What chemicals are present in positive?

Answer 14

Sodium and potassium

Question 15

What are the 4 steps of action potential?

Answer 15

1) concentration gradient
2) electrical gradient
3) membrane permeability
4) sodium potassium pump

Question 16

What is the action potential?

Answer 16

Response of neutron to stimulation above certain threshold which results in depolarisation, Neuron becomes less negative

Question 17

What’s the all or nothing law?

Answer 17

The amplitude and velocity of AP are independent of the initiating stimulus

Question 18

What happens at AP exactly?

Answer 18

Na enters cell
K leaves cell
Na and k pump restores original ion distribution

Question 19

What can’t happen immediately after AP?

Answer 19

Cell cannot produce another AP (refractory period)

Question 20

Where does the AP begin?

Answer 20

Axon hillock

Question 21

What 2 things help the conduction speed?

Answer 21

Avon diameter and myelin sheath

Question 22

Name the 3 parts of the synapse?

Answer 22

Presynaptic terminal
Synaptic cleft
Post synaptic neurons

Question 23

What’s the key in lock system?

Answer 23

Specific receptors for specific neurotransmitter

Question 24

What are ion tropic receptors?

Answer 24

Fast, short glutamate GABA for vision and hearing

Question 25

What are metabotropic receptors?

Answer 25

Slow, G protein, for hunger and thirst

Question 26

What is temporal and spatial summation?

Answer 26

Neurons conduct info through APs. APs can be initiated by temporal or spatial summation if excitatory post synaptic potentials (EDSPs)

Question 27

Which drug is psychoactive?

Answer 27

Cocaine

Question 28

Describe cocaine

Answer 28

Dopamine and noropinephrine agonist - euphoria and appetite lost

Question 29

What do benzodiazepines do?

Answer 29

Reduce anxiety and induce sleep

GABA agonist