sensory systems and movement Flashcards
what are interoceptive inputs
somatosensory and vestibular
what types of stimuli and receptors are in somatosensory system
mechanical - mechanoreceptor
thermal - thermoreceptor
noxious - nociceptor
chemical - chemoreceptor
where are the receptors found in the somatosensory system
dorsal root ganglion neurons
what is the type of stimulus and receptor for vestibular system
head motion - mechanoreceptor
where are the receptors for vestibular system
hair cells
what are exteroceptive inputs
vision
hearing
small
taste
what are is the type of stimulus and receptor and where is receptor for vision
light
photoreceptor
rods and cones
what are is the type of stimulus and receptor and where is receptor for hearing
sound
mechanoreceptor
hair cells
what are is the type of stimulus and receptor and where is receptor for smell
chemical
chemoreceptor
olfactory neurons
what are is the type of stimulus and receptor and where is receptor for taste
chemical
chemoreceptor
taste buds
what is proprioception
sensory info from within the body about position of body and body parts
what is kinethesia
sensory info from within body about motion of body
what make up muscle spindles
sensory units and afferent neurons
what are the types of sensory units in muscle spindles
bag fibres
-dynamic (kinesthesia)
-static (proprioception)
chain fibres
-static
which are larger bag fibres or chain fibres
bag fibres
what are the types of afferent neurons
Ia - dynamic and static units
II - only static units
role of muscle spindles in movement
- motor planning
-provide info about initial location and motion of limb - feedback control
-ensures limb reaches and maintains final target position
what are the parts on feedback control
M1 - monosynaptic stretch reflex
M2 - polysynaptic stretch reflex
M3 - polysynaptic voluntary response
what is the M1 monosynaptic stretch reflex
rapid automatic response which prevents muscle over stretching or maintains muscle length
what is the M2 polysynaptic stretch reflex
secondary response which works to maintains goal of action
what is the M3 polysynaptic voluntary response
final sustained response that maintains goal of action
what is the final motor pathway that transmits signal back to muscle
alpha motor neuron
what do the semicircular canals do
info about rotation of head
what does the utricle do
info about horizontal orientation and acceleration of head and proprioception
what does the saccule do
info about vertical orientation and acceleration of head and proprioception
what are utricle, saccule, and semicircular canals involved in
kinethesia
what is foveal/focal vision
-supports action planning
-vision best in bright conditions
-highest concentration of cones
what is peripheral/ambient vision
-detecting motion in dark conditions
-higher concentration of rods
what are the higher order destinations for visual info
dorsal stream - where, how
extrastriate cortex - colour, orientation
ventral stream - what
what is two component model of aiming movements
- ballistic phase - fast movement to target
- corrective phase - feedback used to correct error (not always necessary)
which phases does open loop control system have
just ballistic
which phases does closed loop control system have
ballistic and corrective
what are the limitations of closed loop control systems
- comparison and correction takes time
-previous movement characteristics are used to predict future states
what are the consequences of closed loop control systems
-rapid tracking tasks can’t get feedback because only 2-3 corrections can be made per second
-fast ballistic movements can’t get feedback because movements can be completed before loop can operate
-speed-accuracy trade offs
what is fitt’s law
to maintain accuracy, movement time must increase (slower) as the movement becomes more difficult
