sensory systems and movement

Question 1

what are interoceptive inputs

Answer 1

somatosensory and vestibular

Question 2

what types of stimuli and receptors are in somatosensory system

Answer 2

mechanical - mechanoreceptor
thermal - thermoreceptor
noxious - nociceptor
chemical - chemoreceptor

Question 3

where are the receptors found in the somatosensory system

Answer 3

dorsal root ganglion neurons

Question 4

what is the type of stimulus and receptor for vestibular system

Answer 4

head motion - mechanoreceptor

Question 5

where are the receptors for vestibular system

Answer 5

hair cells

Question 6

what are exteroceptive inputs

Answer 6

vision
hearing
small
taste

Question 7

what are is the type of stimulus and receptor and where is receptor for vision

Answer 7

light
photoreceptor
rods and cones

Question 8

what are is the type of stimulus and receptor and where is receptor for hearing

Answer 8

sound
mechanoreceptor
hair cells

Question 9

what are is the type of stimulus and receptor and where is receptor for smell

Answer 9

chemical
chemoreceptor
olfactory neurons

Question 10

what are is the type of stimulus and receptor and where is receptor for taste

Answer 10

chemical
chemoreceptor
taste buds

Question 11

what is proprioception

Answer 11

sensory info from within the body about position of body and body parts

Question 12

what is kinethesia

Answer 12

sensory info from within body about motion of body

Question 13

what make up muscle spindles

Answer 13

sensory units and afferent neurons

Question 14

what are the types of sensory units in muscle spindles

Answer 14

bag fibres
-dynamic (kinesthesia)
-static (proprioception)
chain fibres
-static

Question 15

which are larger bag fibres or chain fibres

Answer 15

bag fibres

Question 16

what are the types of afferent neurons

Answer 16

Ia - dynamic and static units
II - only static units

Question 17

role of muscle spindles in movement

Answer 17

1. motor planning
   -provide info about initial location and motion of limb
2. feedback control
   -ensures limb reaches and maintains final target position

Question 18

what are the parts on feedback control

Answer 18

M1 - monosynaptic stretch reflex
M2 - polysynaptic stretch reflex
M3 - polysynaptic voluntary response

Question 19

what is the M1 monosynaptic stretch reflex

Answer 19

rapid automatic response which prevents muscle over stretching or maintains muscle length

Question 20

what is the M2 polysynaptic stretch reflex

Answer 20

secondary response which works to maintains goal of action

Question 21

what is the M3 polysynaptic voluntary response

Answer 21

final sustained response that maintains goal of action

Question 22

what is the final motor pathway that transmits signal back to muscle

Answer 22

alpha motor neuron

Question 23

what do the semicircular canals do

Answer 23

info about rotation of head

Question 24

what does the utricle do

Answer 24

info about horizontal orientation and acceleration of head and proprioception

Question 25

what does the saccule do

Answer 25

info about vertical orientation and acceleration of head and proprioception

Question 26

what are utricle, saccule, and semicircular canals involved in

Answer 26

kinethesia

Question 27

what is foveal/focal vision

Answer 27

-supports action planning
-vision best in bright conditions
-highest concentration of cones

Question 28

what is peripheral/ambient vision

Answer 28

-detecting motion in dark conditions
-higher concentration of rods

Question 29

what are the higher order destinations for visual info

Answer 29

dorsal stream - where, how
extrastriate cortex - colour, orientation
ventral stream - what

Question 30

what is two component model of aiming movements

Answer 30

1. ballistic phase - fast movement to target
2. corrective phase - feedback used to correct error (not always necessary)

Question 31

which phases does open loop control system have

Answer 31

just ballistic

Question 32

which phases does closed loop control system have

Answer 32

ballistic and corrective

Question 33

what are the limitations of closed loop control systems

Answer 33

• comparison and correction takes time
  -previous movement characteristics are used to predict future states

Question 34

what are the consequences of closed loop control systems

Answer 34

-rapid tracking tasks can’t get feedback because only 2-3 corrections can be made per second
-fast ballistic movements can’t get feedback because movements can be completed before loop can operate
-speed-accuracy trade offs

Question 35

what is fitt’s law

Answer 35

to maintain accuracy, movement time must increase (slower) as the movement becomes more difficult