information processing and movement

Question 1

stages of sensorimotor information processing

Answer 1

input: sensory stimulus
1.stimulus identification
2.response selection
3.response programming
output: motor response

Question 2

what are sources of input via 6 senses

Answer 2

-vision
-hearing
-smell
-taste
-somatosensory
-vestibular

Question 3

which inputs are the most important to movement

Answer 3

vision
somatosensory - touch and proprioception
vestibular - head position, balance

Question 4

what is stimulus identification

Answer 4

1.sensation - detect presence of stimulus
2.perception - identify stimulus by matching stimulus features to a representation

Question 5

what is a representation

Answer 5

a neural code for a specific concept, object, or action
-using memories and previous experiences

Question 6

what are the branches of memory

Answer 6

long term and short term (working memory)

Question 7

what are the branches of long term memory

Answer 7

explicit (conscious) and implicit (unconscious)

Question 8

what are the branches of explicit memory

Answer 8

episodic (things that happened to you) and semantic (general knowledge of the world)

Question 9

what are the branches of implicit memory

Answer 9

priming and procedural (eg.motor)

Question 10

what is short term memory

Answer 10

-temporary storage and manipulation
-holds info long enough to complete task, make decision, or transfer to long term
-limited capacity and duration
eg. verbal, visuospatial, motor

Question 11

what is long term memory

Answer 11

-long term storage
-requires encoding, storage, retrieval
eg. semantic, episodic,procedural

Question 12

cognitive processing characteristics

Answer 12

-attention can be shifted
-attention can be divided
-capacity is limited

Question 13

what is the distractor interference

Answer 13

inability to select target from non-target info
-non-target processing hinders target processing
eg. stroop effect

Question 14

what is inattentional blindness

Answer 14

when obvious info is missed when visual attention focused on something else
eg. gorilla in basketball game

Question 15

what is change blindness

Answer 15

reduced capacity to detect changes in the environment due to limitations in attention and working memory (short term memory)

Question 16

what is the response selection stage of info processing

Answer 16

-person selects plan most likely to achieve goal
-person inhibits other less likely responses

Question 17

what is the end result of response selection

Answer 17

general motor plan

Question 18

what memory does response selection require

Answer 18

working memory

Question 19

what is the response programming stage

Answer 19

determining parameters of motor plan required to achieve goal

Question 20

what is the end result of response programming stage

Answer 20

specific motor program that is converted into set of muscle contractions to achieve movement goal

Question 21

what are contents of motor programs/ what do they specify

Answer 21

-which muscles involved
-order of muscle involvement
-relative forces of each muscle
-relative timing and sequencing of contractions
-duration of each contraction

Question 22

what are the types of output

Answer 22

open loop system
closed loop system

Question 23

what is an open loop system

Answer 23

output based solely on motor program
-short, fast, ballistics movements (shooting basketball)

Question 24

what is a closed loop system

Answer 24

results of output fed back into the system
-motor program does not achieve desired goal and error detection leads to corrective responses

Question 25

what are the factors effecting response selection in reaction time

Answer 25

-number of alternative responses (Hick’s Law)
-stimulus-response compatibility

Question 26

what are the factors effecting response programming in reaction time

Answer 26

response complexity - more muscles involved = slower RT

Question 27

what factor can improve all stages of reaction time

Answer 27

practice

Question 28

how does practice effect stimulus identification

Answer 28

increased knowledge and experience of stimuli
and ability to select important form non-important stimuli

Question 29

how does practice effect response selection

Answer 29

increased knowledge of range of possible responses and stronger connections between stimuli and specific responses

Question 30

how does practice effect response programming

Answer 30

increased efficiency in specifying response parameters