information processing and movement Flashcards
stages of sensorimotor information processing
input: sensory stimulus
1.stimulus identification
2.response selection
3.response programming
output: motor response
what are sources of input via 6 senses
-vision
-hearing
-smell
-taste
-somatosensory
-vestibular
which inputs are the most important to movement
vision
somatosensory - touch and proprioception
vestibular - head position, balance
what is stimulus identification
1.sensation - detect presence of stimulus
2.perception - identify stimulus by matching stimulus features to a representation
what is a representation
a neural code for a specific concept, object, or action
-using memories and previous experiences
what are the branches of memory
long term and short term (working memory)
what are the branches of long term memory
explicit (conscious) and implicit (unconscious)
what are the branches of explicit memory
episodic (things that happened to you) and semantic (general knowledge of the world)
what are the branches of implicit memory
priming and procedural (eg.motor)
what is short term memory
-temporary storage and manipulation
-holds info long enough to complete task, make decision, or transfer to long term
-limited capacity and duration
eg. verbal, visuospatial, motor
what is long term memory
-long term storage
-requires encoding, storage, retrieval
eg. semantic, episodic,procedural
cognitive processing characteristics
-attention can be shifted
-attention can be divided
-capacity is limited
what is the distractor interference
inability to select target from non-target info
-non-target processing hinders target processing
eg. stroop effect
what is inattentional blindness
when obvious info is missed when visual attention focused on something else
eg. gorilla in basketball game
what is change blindness
reduced capacity to detect changes in the environment due to limitations in attention and working memory (short term memory)
what is the response selection stage of info processing
-person selects plan most likely to achieve goal
-person inhibits other less likely responses
what is the end result of response selection
general motor plan
what memory does response selection require
working memory
what is the response programming stage
determining parameters of motor plan required to achieve goal
what is the end result of response programming stage
specific motor program that is converted into set of muscle contractions to achieve movement goal
what are contents of motor programs/ what do they specify
-which muscles involved
-order of muscle involvement
-relative forces of each muscle
-relative timing and sequencing of contractions
-duration of each contraction
what are the types of output
open loop system
closed loop system
what is an open loop system
output based solely on motor program
-short, fast, ballistics movements (shooting basketball)
what is a closed loop system
results of output fed back into the system
-motor program does not achieve desired goal and error detection leads to corrective responses
what are the factors effecting response selection in reaction time
-number of alternative responses (Hick’s Law)
-stimulus-response compatibility
what are the factors effecting response programming in reaction time
response complexity - more muscles involved = slower RT
what factor can improve all stages of reaction time
practice
how does practice effect stimulus identification
increased knowledge and experience of stimuli
and ability to select important form non-important stimuli
how does practice effect response selection
increased knowledge of range of possible responses and stronger connections between stimuli and specific responses
how does practice effect response programming
increased efficiency in specifying response parameters
