neural anatomy and motor system Flashcards
what is the point of communication between neurons
synapse
what are the possible effects on receiving neuron
excitatory or inhibitory
how is the brain divided functionally
broadmann areas - 50+ regions defined by structure and organization
what are the sensorimotor regions of the cerebral cortex
-primary and secondary visual cortex
-primary somatosensory cortex
-posterior parietal cortex
-premotor area
-supplementary motor area
-primary motor cortex
what are the 2 visual systems
dorsal - occipital to parietal
-where or how pathway
ventral - occipital to temporal
-what pathway guides actions
what makes up the basal ganglia
striatum - caudate and putamen
globus pallidus
subthalamic nucleus
function of basal ganglia
motor control - planning and initiation
motivation and reward
what makes up the diencephalon
thalamus and hypothalamus
function of thalamus
distribute sensory and motor info to cortex
function of hypothalamus
regulate autonomic nervous system and hormone secretion
what makes up the brainstem
midbrain
pons
medulla
function of midbrain
eye movements
relay visual and auditory stimuli
function of pons
role in posture and movement
relay between cerebrum and cerebellum
function of medulla
contralateral control - info crosses over
role in arousal and awareness
influences postural reflexes
cerebellum function
voluntary movement
planning, timing, learning
role in posture, coordination of eye and hand movement
what are the types of synaptic relays
monosynaptic relay - 1
oligosynaptic relay - 2-3
polysynaptic relay - 4+
what type of relay are voluntary pathways
polysynaptic
what type of relay are reflex pathways
poly, oligo, or monosynaptic
how much time does each additional relay add to response time
1/2 sec
what is the main somatosensory pathway and where does the info cross
dorsal column pathway - info crosses in brainstem
where does the main visual pathway send info
to opposite side of occipital lobe that it is from
what is the main motor pathway and where does info cross
lateral corticospinal pathway - info crosses at level of effector organ
what are the components of a motor unit
efferent neuron
motor endplate
all muscle fibres it innervates
what does parkinsons effect
basal ganglia damage
-loss of dopamine producing cells
