neural anatomy and motor system

Question 1

what is the point of communication between neurons

Answer 1

synapse

Question 2

what are the possible effects on receiving neuron

Answer 2

excitatory or inhibitory

Question 3

how is the brain divided functionally

Answer 3

broadmann areas - 50+ regions defined by structure and organization

Question 4

what are the sensorimotor regions of the cerebral cortex

Answer 4

-primary and secondary visual cortex
-primary somatosensory cortex
-posterior parietal cortex
-premotor area
-supplementary motor area
-primary motor cortex

Question 5

what are the 2 visual systems

Answer 5

dorsal - occipital to parietal
-where or how pathway

ventral - occipital to temporal
-what pathway guides actions

Question 6

what makes up the basal ganglia

Answer 6

striatum - caudate and putamen
globus pallidus
subthalamic nucleus

Question 7

function of basal ganglia

Answer 7

motor control - planning and initiation
motivation and reward

Question 8

what makes up the diencephalon

Answer 8

thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 9

function of thalamus

Answer 9

distribute sensory and motor info to cortex

Question 10

function of hypothalamus

Answer 10

regulate autonomic nervous system and hormone secretion

Question 11

what makes up the brainstem

Answer 11

midbrain
pons
medulla

Question 12

function of midbrain

Answer 12

eye movements
relay visual and auditory stimuli

Question 13

function of pons

Answer 13

role in posture and movement
relay between cerebrum and cerebellum

Question 14

function of medulla

Answer 14

contralateral control - info crosses over
role in arousal and awareness
influences postural reflexes

Question 15

cerebellum function

Answer 15

voluntary movement
planning, timing, learning
role in posture, coordination of eye and hand movement

Question 16

what are the types of synaptic relays

Answer 16

monosynaptic relay - 1
oligosynaptic relay - 2-3
polysynaptic relay - 4+

Question 17

what type of relay are voluntary pathways

Answer 17

polysynaptic

Question 18

what type of relay are reflex pathways

Answer 18

poly, oligo, or monosynaptic

Question 19

how much time does each additional relay add to response time

Answer 19

1/2 sec

Question 20

what is the main somatosensory pathway and where does the info cross

Answer 20

dorsal column pathway - info crosses in brainstem

Question 21

where does the main visual pathway send info

Answer 21

to opposite side of occipital lobe that it is from

Question 22

what is the main motor pathway and where does info cross

Answer 22

lateral corticospinal pathway - info crosses at level of effector organ

Question 23

what are the components of a motor unit

Answer 23

efferent neuron
motor endplate
all muscle fibres it innervates

Question 24

what does parkinsons effect

Answer 24

basal ganglia damage
-loss of dopamine producing cells