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KPE160 > motor development > Flashcards

motor development Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 2 systems that shape motor development

A

nervous system
musculoskeletal system

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2
Q

what is the role of the nervous system in motor development

A

enables us to process sensorimotor info and plan/control movement

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3
Q

what is the role of the musculoskeletal system in motor development

A

enables us to generate the force needed to move

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4
Q

what are the characteristics of motor developement

A

motor development is:
-lifelong process
-multidimensional
-multidirectional

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5
Q

what are the multidimensional aspects of motor development

A

biological development
-changes in physical characteristics
cognitive development
-changes in info processing and knowledge
socio-emotional development
-changes in relationships, emotion, personality

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6
Q

what does it mean that development is multidirectional

A

there are advancements and regressions

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7
Q

what is brain development influenced by

A

genes and environment

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8
Q

when does synaptic density peak

A

2 years

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9
Q

what is synaptic proliferation

A

increasing number of neuron connections

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10
Q

what is synaptic pruning

A

decreasing number of neuron connections to increase efficiency

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11
Q

when does brain development stop

A

early adult

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12
Q

fetus development at 7-8 weeks

A

gross body movement

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13
Q

fetus development at 10-11 weeks

A

limb movement

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14
Q

fetus development at 14-18 weeks

A

kicks felt by mother

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15
Q

fetus development at 28+ weeks

A

respond to stimuli (pressure, sound)

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16
Q

do infants have voluntary movement

A

no

17
Q

why are reflexes important

A

-survival
-diagnostic tool

18
Q

what is the moro (startle) reflex, purpose , disappearance

A

sudden intense noise or movement causes infant to extend back, head, arms, then rapidly close them
-helps infant cling to carrier
-3-4 months

19
Q

what is root reflex, purpose, disappearance

A

cheek or side of mouth is touched then infant turns head toward stimulus
-facilitates finding nipple to feed
-3-4 months

20
Q

what is sucking reflex, purpose, disappearance

A

object placed in mouth then infant sucks on object
-feeding
-3-4 months

21
Q

what is grasping reflex, purpose, disappearance

A

object touches palm then infant grasps object tightly
-prepares for voluntary grasping
-3-4 months

22
Q

what is tonic neck reflex, purpose, disappearance

A

rotation of head to one side then ipsilateral arm extends and contralateral arm flexes
-prepares infant for voluntary reaching and crawling
-3-7 months

23
Q

what is the babinski reflex, purpose, disappearance

A

stroking sole of foot then extension of toes
-evolutionary remnant from quadrupedal walking
-9-12 months

24
Q

what is stepping reflex, purpose, disappearance

A

holding infant with feet touching surface then rough stepping pattern
-prepares for walking
-2 months (legs too heavy)

25
Q

what are the rapid increases in for infant to toddler

A

-musculoskeletal system
-neural development

26
Q

how is infant to toddler development multidimensional

A

cognitive and motor skills develop in parallel and influence each other

27
Q

how does motor development trend in the body

A

cephalocaudal - head downwards
proximodistal - centre to periphery

28
Q

what development happens in childhood (7-8)

A

learning novel fine and gross motor skills

29
Q

what development happens in young adulthood (18-30)

A

-peak performance
-improved accuracy
-improved reaction and movement times

30
Q

what development happens in middle adulthood (30-65)

A

-sensorimotor control begins to slow

31
Q

what is sarcopenia

A

-loss in muscle fibre size and number
-decrease in strength and endurance

32
Q

what development happens in older adulthood

A

-decreasing of neural connections
- slowing of neural transmission
-strength and endurance continue to decrease

KPE160 (9 decks)

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