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Fall 2014: Clinical Conditions 1 > Sensory Systems and Impairments (Week 7) > Flashcards

Sensory Systems and Impairments (Week 7) Flashcards

1
Q

A child with tactile defensiveness carried out but withdrawal and aviodance behaviors and emotional outburtst may have an issue with?

A

Hypersensitive (sensory dysfunction)

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2
Q

What kind of therapy will be used with kids who have hypersensitivity

A

desensitization

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3
Q

what is graphethesia?

A

being able to decipher a letter when drawn in the hand

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4
Q

What is stereognosis?

A

being able to distinguish objects by touch

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5
Q

What is baragnosia

A

being able to distinguish the weight of an object

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6
Q

What is the 2 point discrimination test?

A

when 2 fingers are touched at different points on the body and you are able to distinguish where they were located

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7
Q

A child who under-registers sensory stimuli and has poor impulse control and inattention as a result may have an issue known as?

A

Hyposensitivity

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8
Q

What are 2 assessment tools used for determining sensory tactile dysfunction?

A
  1. sensory integration and praxis test

2. touch inventory for elementary school aged children

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9
Q

This is the sensory organ for hearing?

A

organ of corti (in the cochlea)

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10
Q

This system/part of the ear is responsible for balance and spatial orientation

A

Vestibular system

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11
Q

The fluid inside this structure is for detecting rate or movement and change

A

semicircular canals

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12
Q

This structure is connected to the semicircular canals and detects direction and speed?

A

Otolithic organs

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13
Q

This nerve is important in sending hearing and vestibular information to the brain

A

Vestibular N (CN VII)

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14
Q

Vestibular dysfunctions occur when there is damage to which part of the ear (outer, middle, or inner)?

A

inner

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15
Q

This cluster of symptoms is common is vestibular dysfunction

A 
dizziness and nausea
headaches
poor spatial relations
nystagmus
poor coordination and balance
trouble in dark areas
delays in development/reflex
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16
Q

What is the vestibular ocular reflex?

A

eyes stabilize with movement

eyes move opposite of the head

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17
Q

What 3 structures have to be intact for the vestibular ocular reflex to work properly?

A

CN 3
CN 4
CN 6

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18
Q

When does the vestibular ocular reflex show up normally in infants?

A

2 mo (latest 3-4 mo)

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19
Q

What is childhood paroxysmal vertigo?

A

vertigo in kids

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20
Q

What is the most common vestilbular condition associated with dizziness?

A

childhood paroxysmal vertigo

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21
Q

If a child experiences childhood paroxysmal vertigo, what are they more likely to acquire later in life?

A

Vertigo

Migraines

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22
Q

What are 2 potential causes of childhood paroxysmal vertigo?

A
  1. abnormal vestibular cerebellar pathway

2. issue with vestibular nuclei in brainstem

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23
Q

What two diagnostic tests are done to determine that childhood paroxysmal vertigo is not structural?

A
  1. MRI

2. Brain Scan

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24
Q

What is 2 intervention tools are common with childhood paroxysmal vertigo?

A
  1. medications

2. vestibular rehab therapy (VRT)

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25
Q

Where does the peripheral auditory system begin and end?

A

starts @ external ear

ends @ auditory nerve

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26
Q

2 parts of the external ear

A

auditory canal

auricle

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27
Q

3 parts of the middle ear?

A

tympanic membrane
ossicles
eustachian tubes

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28
Q

what are the 3 ossicles of the middle ear?

A

malleus
incus
stapes

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29
Q

Function of the eustachian tubes?

A

connect the ear and the nasopharynx

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30
Q

Where is the oval window located?

A

between the middle and inner ear

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31
Q

2 parts of the inner ear?

A

cochlea

vestibular system

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32
Q

What deficit would be seen if there was a dysfunction in the auditory pathway?

A

can hear music but cannot decipher what is being said

issue with interpreting language

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33
Q

where is the primary auditory cortex located

A

superior temporal gyrus

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34
Q

What 6 structures make up the primary auditory pathway?

A 
Organ of corti
Cochlear N
Cochlear Nuclei
Inferior colliculi
Medial Geniculate Body
Primary Auditory Cortex
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35
Q

This lobe is primarily involved in communication and memory?

A

temporal lobe

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36
Q

This area of the brain is important with receptive language?

A

Wernickes Area

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37
Q

This area of the brain is important for memory and auditory learning?

A

hippocampus

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38
Q

This area of the brain is important for sensory processing, emotions, and fight or flight?

A

amygdala

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39
Q

When in gestation is the auditory system functional but still needs fine tuning?

A

25-26 weeks

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40
Q

When in gestation is the auditory system fine tuned?

A

28-30 weeks

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41
Q

When in gestation is the cochlea and all the organs formed but not all connected

A

20 weeks GA

42
Q

When in gestation can babies begin to distinguish different emotions in speech and music?

A

34-38 weeks

43
Q

What is an important factor for babies of 0-3 months in learning auditory memory/patterns?

A

REM sleep

44
Q

At what age do babies start moving in their eyes in the direction of music?

A

4-6 mo

45
Q

At what age do babies start to recognize tone in voice and pay attention to music?

A

4-6 mo

46
Q

At what age to babies start moving their head in the direction of music?

A

7-1 yr

47
Q

At what age do babies start responding to directions and gesturing?

A

7mo-1yr

48
Q

What type of dysfunction occurs from temporary build of ear wax or middle ear infections?

A

Conductive hearing loss

49
Q

What is sensorineural hearing loss?

A

permanent hearing loss involving the cochlea

50
Q

What is permanent conductive hearing loss

A

permanent hearing loss due to a malformation of the middle or external ear

51
Q

What are neural hearing disorders?

A

normal outer ear but abnormal inner ear or cochlear nerve

52
Q

At what Hz level does hearing loss become profound?

A

> 90 Hz

53
Q

At what Hz level can it become detrimental in a pre-verbal child and cause permanent language and emotional delays later in life?

A

26-40 Hz

54
Q

T/F Prematurity is a big risk factor for hearing impairment

A

True

55
Q

A child who has difficulty hearing sounds at a distance, difficulty with soft frequency sounds, and may miss some conversational speech may have what kind of hearing dysfunction?

A

Mild bilateral loss

56
Q

A child who has difficulty hearing conversational speech (such as a whisper), may have a learning disability, and may have an amplification system may have what kind of hearing dysfunction?

A

Moderate, Moderate to severe, or severe hearing loss

57
Q

What are the 4 interventions/therapies for an individual with hearing loss

A

Early intervention
auditory oral educational methods
language learning skills
english oriented sign system

58
Q

What are 2 types of amplification systems for people with hearing loss?

A

Hearing Aides

Assisted listening devices

59
Q

What are 2 unique members that make up the team for hearing dysfunctions?

A

Audiologist

SLP

60
Q

This is a prosthetic that electrically stimulates the cochlea and auditory nerve directly?

A

cochlear implant

61
Q

This type of disorder is characterized by difficulty in attending, analyzing, storing, recalling, or drawing conclusions from auditory information?

A

Auditory Processing Disorder (APD)

62
Q

When are auditory processing disorders (APD) usually diagnosed?

A

7-8 yrs (when they begin school)

63
Q

what are 3 interventions for auditory processing disorders (APD)

A

environmental changes
recruit higher order skills for compensating
build auditory skills

64
Q

When age can babies start to use sign language?

A

6-8 mo

65
Q

T/F: Hearing and IQ are impaired with Auditory Processing Disorders (APD)?

A

False

66
Q

Rods vs. Cones in the eye?

A

Rods- black and white; light changes

Cones- color

67
Q

6 structures involved in the visual pathway

A 
Optic Nerve (CN II)
Optic Chiasm
Optic Tract
LGB (thalamus)
Optic Radiation
Occipital Lobe
68
Q

Central vision vs. peripheral vision

A

central-acuity

peripheral-awareness

69
Q

6 muscles of the eye

A 
lateral rectus
medial rectus
superior rectus
inferior rectus
superior oblique
inferior oblique
70
Q

Pursuit tracking vs. saccades tracking

A

pursuit-smooth movements

saccades-being able to move from one object to another

71
Q

This visual perceptual skill allows us to realize distinct features

A

visual discrimination

72
Q

This visual perceptual skill allows us to recall what is seen

A

visual memory

73
Q

This visual perceptual skill allows us to understand position and our need to know right from left?

A

visual spatial

74
Q

This visual perceptual skill allows us to know depths and little figures

A

figure ground

75
Q

This visual perceptual skill allows us to make I-Spy and Where’s Waldo books

A

figure ground

76
Q

This visual perceptual skill allows us to recognize different forms, shapes, and orientations of objects

A

form constancy

77
Q

When do eyes begin to form and when are they done forming?

A

4 weeks; 15 weeks GA

78
Q

T/F premature babies have a big issue with vasculature of the eyes?

A

True; the vasculature takes until birth to develop

79
Q

When does the retina fully develop?

A

3-4 Weeks after birth

80
Q

When does depth perception occur in infants?>

A

9-12 mo

81
Q

Which occurs first head or visual control?

A

head control

82
Q

What is hemianopia?

A

Optic N. deficit

no vision in one eye

83
Q

What is Heteronymous Hemianopia?

A

Optic Chiasm deficit

No peripheral vision

84
Q

What is Right Homonymous Hemianopia?

A

Optic tract deficit

VF deficit

85
Q

What is right superior homonymous quadratic anopia?

A

quadrant deficit

86
Q

What is macular sparing?

A

central vision only

87
Q

How are visual field deficits diagnosed?

A

opthalmologist or neuro-opthalmologist

88
Q

An individual with excessive tearing, light sensitivity, and large cloudy corneas may have

A

glaucoma

89
Q

An individual with cloudiness of the lens which may lead to a lazy eye

A

Cataracts

90
Q

Myopia:

A

nearsightedness

image focuses before it hits the back of the eye

91
Q

Hyperopia:

A

farsighted

image focuses after the back of the eye

92
Q

Anisometropia:

A

one eye is myopic and one is hyperopic

93
Q

Missshaped cornea?

A

Astigmatism

94
Q

Drooping eyelid due to levator issues?

A

Ptosis

95
Q

Poor visual development at the cortical level and insufficient sensory input can be symptoms of:

A

Amblyopia

96
Q

What impairment is characterized by the misalignment due to differences in muscle teaming causing the eyes to look in different directions

A

Strabismus

97
Q

Esotropia vs. Exotropia

A

Eso- inside

Exo- outside

98
Q

5 Potential causes of cortical visual impairments?

A 
malformations
hydrocephalus
stroke
seizure
impaired O2 or blood supply
99
Q

Responding to light and dark more than faces, looking at things at close range/odd angles, preferring moving objects, and poor visual attention/delayed response are possible implications of what disorder?

A

cortical visual impairment

100
Q

These types of abnormalities are seen in the retinal vascular development?

A

retinopathy of prematurity

101
Q

Abnormal eye movements, strabismus, severe myopia, leukocoria are characteristic of what disorder?

A

retinopathy of prematurity

102
Q

4 possible treatments for retinopathy of prematurity?

A

laser
cryotherapy
sclera buckle
vitrectomy

Fall 2014: Clinical Conditions 1 (17 decks)

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