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Fall 2014: Clinical Conditions 1 > Prematurity (Week 3) > Flashcards

Prematurity (Week 3) Flashcards

1
Q

What time period classifies a baby as premature?

A

born less than 37 weeks gestation

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2
Q

How many premature infants have neurodevelopmental disabilities?

A

1/2

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3
Q

LBW size?

A

5 1/2 lbs

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4
Q

VLBW size

A

3 1/2 lbs

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5
Q

ELBW size

A

2 1/2 lbs

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6
Q

micro-premie size

A

1 3/4 lbs

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7
Q

What is the difference b/w symmetric and asymmetric SGA?

A

symmetric SGA: baby is proportionally small in weight, length, head size

assymmetric SGA: baby weight is small but length and head size is typical

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8
Q

3 reasons for small baby

A
  1. mom issue such as illness or substance abuse
  2. placenta problem
  3. baby issue such as genetic factor or toxin exposure
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9
Q

Define apnea in a baby

A

if they stop breathing for 15-20 seconds

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10
Q

What is Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN)? Which side?

A
  • right side of the heart is compromised
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11
Q

What is respiratory distress syndrome?

How many weeks premature?

A
  • baby is born before 34 weeks and they do not have right level of surfactant to prevent the alveoli from collapsing
  • acute condition when lungs are immature
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12
Q

What is respiratory syncytial virus?

What can it cause?

A
  • similar to cold virus in adult but in a newborn

- most common cause of bronchiolitis

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13
Q

What is foramen ovale?

A
  • opening for blood to flow from R. atria to L. atria in a fetus
  • once born closes off and is called fossa ovalis
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14
Q

What is the ductus arteriosus?

A
  • vessel that connects the pulmonary trunk to the aorta in a fetus so that any blood that enters the R. ventricle is pumped thru this vessel into the aorta and not the lungs
  • after birth becomes the ligamentum arteriosum
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15
Q

When does the:

  1. heart develop
  2. start pumping blood
  3. heard thru stethoscope?
A
  1. develop = 5th week GA
  2. pump = 6th week GA (can see on ultrasound)
  3. heart = 22 week GA
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16
Q

Name the 2 shunts a fetal heart has.

A
  1. Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

2. Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO)

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17
Q

Most common heart defect in premature babies

List some common symptoms

A
  • Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) not closing after birth
  • Symptoms bc body not getting enough O2: poor growth, cry & sweat during eating, tachypnea or SOB (shortness of breath), tired easily, tachycardia, dusky or blue skin
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18
Q

What will eventually happen to a premie if there is mixing of deoxygenated and oxygenated blood?

A
  • pulmonary hypertension and then heart failure
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19
Q

List 5 types of pulmonary hypertension

A
    1. Congenital heart defect
    1. Left side heart failure
    1. Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
    1. Any type of clot
    1. Combo of these or another rare disease
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20
Q

What is it called when there is a condition with the shunt b/w atria?

A

atrial septal defect (ASD)

21
Q

What is it called when there is a condition with the wall b/w ventricles?

A

ventricular septal defects (VSD)

22
Q

What is the condition called when there is a combination of ASD, VSD, and AV valve abnormalities?

A

AV Canal defecits

23
Q

What is coarctation of the aorta?

A

narrowing of the aorta

24
Q

What is transposition of the great arteries?

A

When the aorta and pulmonary artery are in the reverse positions and need surgery to correct it

25
Q

What is tetrology of fallot?

A

combo of 4 cardiac defecits

26
Q

What procedure may be done if a baby has ASD, VSD, or PDA?

A

cardiac catheterization

27
Q

What procedure may be done if a baby has ASD, VSD, AV canal deficits, transposition of great arteries, or tetralogy of fallot?

A

Open heart surgery

28
Q

What stimulates the closure of the foramen ovale?

A

first breath

29
Q

What is the earliest stage a premie can survive and why?

A
  • 25 weeks bc at this point the bronchial trees have developed so they are capable of gas exchange but there is no surfactant
  • called the canalicular stage of fetal lung development
30
Q

What is the saccular stage?

A
  • stage of fetal lung development when surfactant is detected, and alveoli develop
  • 26-36 weeks
31
Q

List the stages of fetal lung development

A
  1. embryonic
  2. pseudo-glandular
  3. canalicular
  4. saccular
  5. alveolar
32
Q

What pulmonary condition has the following symptoms:

Cyanosis, apnea, grunting, nasal flaring, rapid shallow breath

A

Respiratory distress syndrome

33
Q

What pulmonary condition has the following symptoms and what causes it:

Productive cough, chest pain, vomiting or diarrhea, loss of appetite, fatigue, fever and headache

A
  • pneumonia

- Inflammation of lungs caused by bacterial, viral, or chemical irritation

34
Q

What pulmonary condition has the following symptoms and what causes it:

Cough, wheezing, tachycardia, tachypnea, retractions, flaring, dehydration and poor appetite, fever, lethargy, and apnea

A
  • bronchiolitis

- acute respiratory tract inflammation and infection, viral, bacterial

35
Q

What pulmonary condition has the following symptoms and what causes it:

Tachycardia, tachypnea, respiratory distress, frequent desaturation, weight loss

A
  • bronchopulmonary dysplasia

- chronic pulmonary condition that causes fibrotic change in the lungs

36
Q

What is pediatric cystic fibrosis?

A
  • Chronic progressive condition affecting exocrine glands
  • Autosomal recessive 4:1
  • thick mucus gland obstructions that affect the respiratory, GI, and reproductive systems
37
Q

According to the AAP at what age is it ok to let children watch TV?

A

2 yrs old

38
Q

What are 3 common acute pulmonary conditions

A
  • RDS
  • pneumonia
  • bronchiolitis
39
Q

What are 3 common chronic pulmonary conditions

A
  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
  • CF
  • asthma
40
Q

This disorder is characterized by children who are >/10 weeks premature who require ventilation and RDS

A

bronchiopulmonary dysplasia

41
Q

This disorder is characterized by an incomplete lung development with inadequate alveoli and circulation

A

pulmonary hypoplasia

42
Q

The tripod position and retractions are commonly seen in this disorder

A

RDS

43
Q

This is a common cause of bronchiolitis

A

RSV respiratory syncytial virus

44
Q

This is a common virus that is seen in adults and children

A

RSV

45
Q

Incubation and tracheostomy can be a treatment of which disorder?

A

bronchopulmonary dysplasia

46
Q

This procedure decreases airflow and pressure in the upper airways

A

tracheostomy

47
Q

4 common symptoms seen post-tracheostomy?

A

decrease in smell and taste
aphonia and voice difficulties
weak cough
dysphagia

48
Q

what is a chronic progressive disease that effects exocrine glands causing gland obstructions

A

CF

49
Q

The chronic and reactive airway disease that inflames and narrows airways?

A

asthma

Fall 2014: Clinical Conditions 1 (17 decks)

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