Early Development (Week 1) Flashcards
5 reference points of childhood development
- social
- physical
- language
- cognitive
- emotional
Growth and development are the same (T/F)
False
■ Development refers to changes in human thought, behavior, and function
■ Growth refers to physical increases in height, weight, head size, and sexual maturation
List the 3 functional developmental domaina
- communications
- ADL’s
- Mobility
What are the 5 developmental domains that are skill specific?
1. Language (receptive and expressive) 2. Cognitive 3. Social and economical 4. Sensory and Attention 5. Physical (fine and gross motor)
How do you calculate the developmental quotient?
DQ = chronological age – developmental age
How do you calculate expectant rate of change?
ERP= (developmental age/chronological age) x 100
How do you correcting age for prematurity?
age in weeks - # weeks premature
What are the social and emotional milestones at 3-6 months?
Smiles at mom Cries to communicate Facial expressions & eye contact Watches & responds to other’s facial expressions Enjoys people & play Smiles and laughs
What are the social and emotional milestones at 6-9 months?
Attached to primary caregiver
Expressed emotions…cry if others cry
Stranger anxiety (8-9mo)
What are the social and emotional milestones at 9-12 months?
Attends to name
Imitates
Separation anxiety
What are the cognition milestones at 3-6 months?
Recognize & react to familiar faces and sounds
Begin to imitate facial expressions
What are the cognition milestones at 6-9 months?
Inanimate vs animate objects
Look longer at unlikely things
Explores
Plays peak-a-boo
What are the cognition milestones at 9-12 months?
Object permanence
Interest in books
Uses object as a container
What are the language milestones at 0-6 months?
Eye contact & Smiles
Quiets to listen to familiar sounds
Watches faces
Coos, laughs, vowel sounds
What are the language milestones at 6-9 months?
Enjoys imitating sounds
Enjoys interactive games like peek-a-boo
Babbling (mamama, bababa)
Interested in mirror image
What are the language milestones at 9-12 months?
Waves “bye”
Understands “no” & expresses “no”
First word (“mama”, “baba”, “dada”)
Requests and shows objects clearly
What are the gross motor milestones at 3-5 months?
Hand together & hands to mouth
Prop on elbows
Rolls to side & to back
What are the gross motor milestones at 6 months?
Hands to feet
Pushing up on hands
Sitting independently but can’t catch themselves if they start to fall to one side
Rolling back to belly
What are the gross motor milestones at 7-9 months?
Crawls
Pulls to stand
What are the gross motor milestones at 10-12 months?
Cruises along a support
Squats
Takes first step
What are the gross motor milestones at 14-16 months?
Walks >= 10 feet
What is the MORO reflex and when is it integrated?
o Typically integrated (gone) by 3-4 months
o Reflex when tip backwards baby throws their hands/arms out
What is the rooting reflex and when is it integrated?
o Typically integrated (gone) by 3-4 months
o When touch the side of infant’s mouth their head turns toward the stimulus and make sucking (rooting) motions. Helps with breastfeeding
What is the ATNR reflex and when is it integrated?
o Typically integrated (gone) by 6-7 months
o When an infant is supine and their head turns one way it causes the limbs on that side to extend and the limbs on the opposite side to flex
What is the palmar grasp reflex and when is it integrated?
o Typically integrated (gone) by 5-6 months
o Infant grasps your finger when it is in their hand
o Hear people comment baby has a “tight grip”
What is the babinski reflex and when is it integrated?
o Typically integrated (gone) by 12-24 months
o Toes fan outward when the sole of the foot is stroked
What is the galant reflex and when is it integrated?
o Typically integrated (gone) by 1 month
o When a baby is held in ventral suspension (face down) and when the back is stroked on one side of the SC the baby moves their hips toward the stimulated side.
What is the stepping reflex and when is it integrated?
o Typically integrated (gone) by 2 month
o Stepping motions start when feet are placed on the ground
What is the startle reflex and when is it integrated?
o Typically integrated (gone) by 2 month
o They pull arms and legs in after hearing a loud noise
What is the TLR reflex and when is it integrated?
o Can utilize to promote development
o When baby is prone there is a bias of flexor position and when in supine a bias to extensor position
What is the peabody developmental motor scale?
- developmental assessment
• Ages: birth-7y/o
• Gross and fine motor
What is bruinisks-osteretsky test of motor proficiency?
- developmental assessment
• Ages: 4.5-14.5y/o
• Gross and fine motor for school ages
• Coordination and dexterity
What is the VMI developmental assessment?
- developmental assessment for visual motor integration
• Ages: 2-15y/o
• Visual perception and visual motor used for late early intervention and in schools
What is the SFA?
- school functional assessments
• Ages: k-6th graders
• Assess whether kid can open door, bring lunch tray to cafeteria, etc.
What are the 3 pre-natal screens done in the 1st trimester?
○ Ultrasonography
○ Maternal serum screening
○ Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)
What are the 5 pre-natal screens done in the 2nd trimester?
○ Maternal Serum Screening ○ Ultrasonography ○ Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) ○ Fetal Echocardiography ○ Amniocentesis
What is the transparency of the fluid filled cavity at the nape of the fetus’ neck?
nuchal translucency
What does increased nuchal translucency mean?
○ Chromosomal abnormality
○ Congenital heart disease
○ Fetal abnormalities
○ Down Syndrome
What is the apgar score?
List the 5 criteria
● Assesses baby after birth process ● Taken @ 1 and 5 minutes directly after birth ● 5 criteria: ○ Muscle tone ○ Pulse ○ Reflex (grimace) ○ Skin color ○ Respiration
What causes jaundice and why is it dangerous?
Excess of bilirubin bc the liver is not working properly to remove it. If untreated too much bilirubin can cause brain damage.
What are the 2 types of newborn hearing screens and how are they done?
- Automated Auditory Brainstem Response (AABR)
- An electrode is placed outside the ear and the nerve conduction is checked - Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE)
- A microphone is placed in the infants ear and a reaction occurs with the sound
List the 3 variations in development during the development period of birth to 18 months
- “delay” or slow
- “dissociation” or uneven
- “deviance” or unexpected
What is the criteria for something to be a developmental delay?
a delay of >= 25% in an area of development below the typical
What is an abnormality or loss of a physiological and/or anatomical structure or function that contributes to a disability?
Impairment
What is an inability to perform, engage, or participate in an action, activity, or life-situation due to one or a combo/cluster of impairments?
Disability
What is a chronic conditions that impair physical, learning, language, and/or behavior and impact function while deviated from expected patterns of development (birth-18/22 m/o)?
Developmental disability
What is a cause or origin of a disorder, disease, or medical condition?
Etiology
