Sensory Systems

Question 1

What is defined as the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that the healthy human eye can see?

Answer 1

Visible Spectrum

Question 2

What is defined as the bending of light as it passes through something?

Answer 2

Refraction

Question 3

What is defined as a particle of light energy?

Answer 3

Photon

Question 4

What is defined as a receptor cell responding to physical energy by changing its neural activity?

Answer 4

Transduction

Question 5

What is defined as changing focal distance from far to near? (through increasing curvature of lens to bend more light)

Answer 5

Accommodation

Question 6

What is defined as the wavelength of light associated with the perception of _____?

Answer 6

Color

Question 7

What is defined as the number of photons present, which is associated with our perception of _____?

Answer 7

Brightness

Question 8

Are cones or rods abundant in the fovea?

Answer 8

Cones

Question 9

Are cones or rods abundant in the peripheral retina?

Answer 9

Rods

Question 10

Are cones or rods high sensitivity?

Answer 10

Rods

Question 11

Are cones or rods low sensitivity?

Answer 11

Cones

Question 12

Are cones or rods high acuity?

Answer 12

Cones

Question 13

Are cones or rods low acuity?

Answer 13

Rods

Question 14

What part of the eye is the outer covering of the eye and is the first place light is refracted as it enters the eye?

Answer 14

Cornea

Question 15

What part of the eye is the hole in the center of the iris and controls light entry?

Answer 15

Pupil

Question 16

What part of the eye is the pigmented circular pair of muscles that control the size of the pupil?

Answer 16

Iris

Question 17

What part of the eye is the transparent tissue that changes curvature to change focal distance?

Answer 17

Lens

Question 18

What part of the eye is the neural tissue in the back of the eye and contains photoreceptor cells and other neurons?

Answer 18

Retina

Question 19

What part of the eye contains axons of retinal ganglion cells and leave back of the eye through optic disk to take visual information to the brain?

Answer 19

Optic Nerve

Question 20

What are the receptor cells for light?

Answer 20

Photoreceptors

Question 21

What are the cells whose axons give rise to the optic nerve?

Answer 21

Retinal Ganglion Cells

Question 22

What are the receptors in rods and cones that respond to light (absorbed and activated by a photon)?

Answer 22

Photopigments

Question 23

Are photopigment receptors ionotropic or metabotropic?

Answer 23

Metabotropic

Question 24

Does a photoreceptor cell become depolarized or hyperpolarized after a photopigment absorbs a photon?

Answer 24

Hyperpolarized

Question 25

Due to a photoreceptor cell actively inhibiting the bipolar cell, does the photopigment absorbing a photon lead to the depolarization or hyper-polarization of the bipolar cell?

Answer 25

Depolarization

Question 26

Does a photopigment absorbing a photon lead to the subsequent depolarization or hyperpolarization of the retinal ganglion cell, and result in action potentials going towards the brain?

Answer 26

Depolarization

Question 27

What part of the visual pathway is described as part of midbrain; and reflexive orienting to visual stimulus?

Answer 27

Superior Colliculus

Question 28

What part of the visual pathway is described as axons from 1 eye?

Answer 28

Optic Nerve

Question 29

What part of the visual pathway is described as the first part of the cortex to get visual information and where is it found?

Answer 29

Primary Visual Cortex found in the Occipital Lobe

Question 30

What part of the visual pathway is described as sending information to the primary visual cortex?

Answer 30

Lateral Genicualte Nucleus (LGN) of thalamus

Question 31

What part of the visual pathway is described as some axons from each eye cross to the opposite side?

Answer 31

Optic Chiasm

Question 32

What part of the visual pathway is described as just beyond the optic chiasm; some axons from each eye?

Answer 32

Optic Tract

Question 33

How many types of cones are there?

Answer 33

Three

Question 34

What is the primary difference between the types of cones?

Answer 34

The type of opsin they have

Question 35

What determines which type of cones respond?

Answer 35

The wavelength of the light

Question 36

Patterns of activity across the cone types are important for what type of vision?

Answer 36

Color Vision

Question 37

How does the brain know how bright a light is?

Answer 37

The rate of action potentials in the optic nerve/tract

Question 38

What is described by the idea that brighter light leads to more action potentials per second than dim light?

Answer 38

Rate Law

Question 39

How do sensory organs code for the senses?

Answer 39

which type of cells/receptors are actively firing

Question 40

What are the receptor cells in the auditory system called, and where are they found?

Answer 40

Hair cells that are found in the cochlea

Question 41

What are the receptor cells in the olfactory system called, and where are they found?

Answer 41

Olfactory sensory neurons and the olfactory epithelium

Question 42

Which sensory system doesn't go through the thalamus on way to the cortex?

Answer 42

Olfaction (smell)

Question 43

What describes what part of the somatosensory cortex is being activated and how much of that cortex processes information from each part of the body?

Answer 43

Homunculus

Question 44

Where does transduction occur?

Answer 44

Sensory Organ

Question 45

Where are reflexive responses to stimuli organized?

Answer 45

Brainstem and Spinal Cord

Question 46

What serves as a relay and filter for sensory information on the way to the cortex?

Answer 46

Thalamus

Question 47

Where does conscious recognition of a stimulus occur?

Answer 47

Cortex