Gross Anatomy of the Brain Review Flashcards
What are the two divisions of the Nervous System?
The Central Nervous System and the Peripheral Nervous System
What are the two divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System?
Autonomic and Somatic Nervous Systems
What is the Central Nervous System
Brain and Spinal Cord
What is the role of the autonomic nervous system?
Communicate with internal organs and glands
What is the role of the somatic nervous system?
Communicate with sense organs and voluntary muscles
What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
What are the two divisions of the somatic nervous system
Sensory (afferent) nervous system and Motor (efferent) nervous system
What is the Sympathetic Nervous System
Fight or Flight (arousal)
What is the Parasympathetic Nervous System
Rest and relaxation
What are the three major divisions of the brain?
Forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain
What are the parts of the brainstem?
Midbrain, pons, and medulla
What is the role of the medulla?
Control vital reflexes
What is the role of the pons?
Involved in sleep-wake cycle, REM sleep, and major source of norepinephrine
What is the role of the midbrain?
Controls reflexes to auditory and visual stimuli, intrinsic, decreasing pain control system
What part of the brain is a major source of dopamine
The midbrain
What is the role of the cerebellum?
Movement and coordination, well-learned movements, balance and postural control,
What is the role of the Thalamus?
Relay station/filter for important sensory information
What is the role of the Hypothalamus?
Involved in drive-related behaviors and maintenance of homeostasis
What is the role of the pituitary gland?
Makes and releases hormones into the bloodstream
What part of the brain controls the pituitary gland?
The hypothalamus
What is the role of the pineal gland?
Makes and secretes melatonin while controlling daily and seasonal rhythms
What is the cerebral cortex?
The outer covering of the brain
What are the four lobes of the cerebral cortex?
Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, and Temporal
What is the role of the central sulcus?
To separate the frontal and parietal lobes
What is the role of the lateral fissure?
Separates the front and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe
What is the longitudinal fissure?
Separates the left hemisphere from the right hemisphere
What is the corpus callousum?
A huge bundle of axons that connects the two hemispheres of the cortex
What is the role of the occipital lobe?
Vision and is the primary visual cortex
What is the role of the temporal lobe?
Primary auditory cortex
What lobe is Wernike’s Area found in?
Temporal Lobe on the left side
What is the role of Wernike’s Area?
Language comprehension
What is the role of the visual association cortex?
Object recognition, including faces
What lobe is the visual association cortex found?
Temporal Lobe
What is the role of the parietal lobe?
Spatial organization and visual association cortex
What lobe is considered the primary somatosensory cortex?
The parietal lobe- the first lobe to process, touch, temperature, and pain information
What are the two main divisions of the frontal lobe?
The prefrontal cortex and primary motor cortex
What is the role of the prefrontal cortex?
Executive Functions
What is the role of the primary motor cortex?
Control voluntary movement and the opposite side of the body
What lobe of the brain is Broca’s area found in?
The Frontal Lobe
What is the role of Broca’s Area
Language Production
What is the role of the Hippocampus?
Memory
What is the role of the amygdala?
Emotion
What two parts of the brain make up the limbic system?
Hippocampus and amygdala
What is the Basal Ganglia?
Interconnected structures that facilitate movement, cognition, and emotion
What are ventricles?
A series of interconnected parts of the brain that contain CSF
Where is CSF produced?
The ventricles
What is the role of CSF?
Help maintain the proper concentration of solutes within the fluid outside of cells and a way to clear debris from inside the brain
What are the meninges?
Three layers of tissue that surrounds and protects the brain
What are the three layers of the meninges?
Dura matter, Arachnoid matter, and Pia matter
What is the role of the meninges?
To stabilize and protect the Central Nervous System
