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Brain and Behavior > Gross Anatomy of the Brain Review > Flashcards

Gross Anatomy of the Brain Review Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two divisions of the Nervous System?

A

The Central Nervous System and the Peripheral Nervous System

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2
Q

What are the two divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System?

A

Autonomic and Somatic Nervous Systems

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3
Q

What is the Central Nervous System

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

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4
Q

What is the role of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Communicate with internal organs and glands

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5
Q

What is the role of the somatic nervous system?

A

Communicate with sense organs and voluntary muscles

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6
Q

What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

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7
Q

What are the two divisions of the somatic nervous system

A

Sensory (afferent) nervous system and Motor (efferent) nervous system

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8
Q

What is the Sympathetic Nervous System

A

Fight or Flight (arousal)

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9
Q

What is the Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

Rest and relaxation

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10
Q

What are the three major divisions of the brain?

A

Forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain

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11
Q

What are the parts of the brainstem?

A

Midbrain, pons, and medulla

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12
Q

What is the role of the medulla?

A

Control vital reflexes

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13
Q

What is the role of the pons?

A

Involved in sleep-wake cycle, REM sleep, and major source of norepinephrine

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14
Q

What is the role of the midbrain?

A

Controls reflexes to auditory and visual stimuli, intrinsic, decreasing pain control system

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15
Q

What part of the brain is a major source of dopamine

A

The midbrain

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16
Q

What is the role of the cerebellum?

A

Movement and coordination, well-learned movements, balance and postural control,

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17
Q

What is the role of the Thalamus?

A

Relay station/filter for important sensory information

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18
Q

What is the role of the Hypothalamus?

A

Involved in drive-related behaviors and maintenance of homeostasis

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19
Q

What is the role of the pituitary gland?

A

Makes and releases hormones into the bloodstream

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20
Q

What part of the brain controls the pituitary gland?

A

The hypothalamus

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21
Q

What is the role of the pineal gland?

A

Makes and secretes melatonin while controlling daily and seasonal rhythms

22
Q

What is the cerebral cortex?

A

The outer covering of the brain

23
Q

What are the four lobes of the cerebral cortex?

A

Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, and Temporal

24
Q

What is the role of the central sulcus?

A

To separate the frontal and parietal lobes

25
What is the role of the lateral fissure?
Separates the front and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe
26
What is the longitudinal fissure?
Separates the left hemisphere from the right hemisphere
27
What is the corpus callousum?
A huge bundle of axons that connects the two hemispheres of the cortex
28
What is the role of the occipital lobe?
Vision and is the primary visual cortex
29
What is the role of the temporal lobe?
Primary auditory cortex
30
What lobe is Wernike's Area found in?
Temporal Lobe on the left side
31
What is the role of Wernike's Area?
Language comprehension
32
What is the role of the visual association cortex?
Object recognition, including faces
33
What lobe is the visual association cortex found?
Temporal Lobe
34
What is the role of the parietal lobe?
Spatial organization and visual association cortex
35
What lobe is considered the primary somatosensory cortex?
The parietal lobe- the first lobe to process, touch, temperature, and pain information
36
What are the two main divisions of the frontal lobe?
The prefrontal cortex and primary motor cortex
37
What is the role of the prefrontal cortex?
Executive Functions
38
What is the role of the primary motor cortex?
Control voluntary movement and the opposite side of the body
39
What lobe of the brain is Broca's area found in?
The Frontal Lobe
40
What is the role of Broca's Area
Language Production
41
What is the role of the Hippocampus?
Memory
42
What is the role of the amygdala?
Emotion
43
What two parts of the brain make up the limbic system?
Hippocampus and amygdala
44
What is the Basal Ganglia?
Interconnected structures that facilitate movement, cognition, and emotion
45
What are ventricles?
A series of interconnected parts of the brain that contain CSF
46
Where is CSF produced?
The ventricles
47
What is the role of CSF?
Help maintain the proper concentration of solutes within the fluid outside of cells and a way to clear debris from inside the brain
48
What are the meninges?
Three layers of tissue that surrounds and protects the brain
49
What are the three layers of the meninges?
Dura matter, Arachnoid matter, and Pia matter
50
What is the role of the meninges?
To stabilize and protect the Central Nervous System

Brain and Behavior (10 decks)

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