Cells of the Nervous System Review

Question 1

How are neurons similar to other cells in the body?

Answer 1

They have organelles and a plasma membrane

Question 2

How are neurons different from other cells in the body?

Answer 2

They can communicate over long distances, morphology, and are postmitotic

Question 3

What part of a neuron is considered part of the input zone?

Answer 3

The soma and dendrites

Question 4

What part of a neuron is considered part of the integration zone?

Answer 4

The axon hillock

Question 5

What part of a neuron is considered part of the conduction zone?

Answer 5

The axon

Question 6

What part of a neuron is considered part of the output zone?

Answer 6

The terminals

Question 7

Where do neurons communicate

Answer 7

At the synapse

Question 8

Where do neurons send information from?

Answer 8

The axon terminal

Question 9

Where parts of the neuron receive information?

Answer 9

The soma and the dendrites

Question 10

What is the synaptic cleft?

Answer 10

The space between cells

Question 11

What is a group of cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system called?

Answer 11

Ganglion

Question 12

What is a group of cell bodies in the central nervous system called?

Answer 12

Nucleus

Question 13

What is a bunch of axons in the peripheral nervous system called?

Answer 13

Nerve

Question 14

What is a bunch of axons in the central nervous system called?

Answer 14

Tract

Question 15

What is gray matter?

Answer 15

Somas and Dendrites

Question 16

What is white matter?

Answer 16

Axons

Question 17

What is the role of glial cells?

Answer 17

To support neurons

Question 18

What type of cells myelinated the axon in the Peripheral Nervous System?

Answer 18

Schwann Cells

Question 19

What type of cells myelinated the axon in the Central Nervous System?

Answer 19

Oligodendrocytes

Question 20

What disease is characterized by the demyelination of axons in the Central Nervous System?

Answer 20

Multiple Sclerosis

Question 21

What is the role of astrocytes in relation to neurons?

Answer 21

They wrap around the terminals of axons and remove waste material/excess ions, they also provide structural support

Question 22

What is the role of astrocytes in relation to blood vessels?

Answer 22

Dilate blood vessels in active regions of the brain for increased oxygen, provide nutrients to neurons from the blood, and help form the Blood Brain Barrier

Question 23

What is the role of the BBB?

Answer 23

To protect neurons from components in the blood

Question 24

What does the BBB let in?

Answer 24

Fat soluble molecules, small uncharged molecules, and glucose

Question 25

What does the BBB not let in?

Answer 25

Charged molecules, viruses/bacteria, and many chemicals/nutrients

Question 26

How many neurons are in your body?

Answer 26

86-100 billion

Question 27

What is the ratio of glial cells to neurons?

Answer 27

10: 1

Question 28

Who developed the staining method to see neurons under a light microscope?

Answer 28

Camillo Golgi

Question 29

Who used the Golgi stain to examine the brain and hypothesized the brain was made up of individual cells

Answer 29

Santiago Ramon y Cajal

Question 30

What kind of neuron is a somatosensory neuron?

Answer 30

Unipolar

Question 31

What kind of neuron is a motor neuron?

Answer 31

Multipolar