Cells of the Nervous System Review Flashcards
How are neurons similar to other cells in the body?
They have organelles and a plasma membrane
How are neurons different from other cells in the body?
They can communicate over long distances, morphology, and are postmitotic
What part of a neuron is considered part of the input zone?
The soma and dendrites
What part of a neuron is considered part of the integration zone?
The axon hillock
What part of a neuron is considered part of the conduction zone?
The axon
What part of a neuron is considered part of the output zone?
The terminals
Where do neurons communicate
At the synapse
Where do neurons send information from?
The axon terminal
Where parts of the neuron receive information?
The soma and the dendrites
What is the synaptic cleft?
The space between cells
What is a group of cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system called?
Ganglion
What is a group of cell bodies in the central nervous system called?
Nucleus
What is a bunch of axons in the peripheral nervous system called?
Nerve
What is a bunch of axons in the central nervous system called?
Tract
What is gray matter?
Somas and Dendrites
What is white matter?
Axons
What is the role of glial cells?
To support neurons
What type of cells myelinated the axon in the Peripheral Nervous System?
Schwann Cells
What type of cells myelinated the axon in the Central Nervous System?
Oligodendrocytes
What disease is characterized by the demyelination of axons in the Central Nervous System?
Multiple Sclerosis
What is the role of astrocytes in relation to neurons?
They wrap around the terminals of axons and remove waste material/excess ions, they also provide structural support
What is the role of astrocytes in relation to blood vessels?
Dilate blood vessels in active regions of the brain for increased oxygen, provide nutrients to neurons from the blood, and help form the Blood Brain Barrier
What is the role of the BBB?
To protect neurons from components in the blood
What does the BBB let in?
Fat soluble molecules, small uncharged molecules, and glucose
What does the BBB not let in?
Charged molecules, viruses/bacteria, and many chemicals/nutrients
How many neurons are in your body?
86-100 billion
What is the ratio of glial cells to neurons?
10: 1
Who developed the staining method to see neurons under a light microscope?
Camillo Golgi
Who used the Golgi stain to examine the brain and hypothesized the brain was made up of individual cells
Santiago Ramon y Cajal
What kind of neuron is a somatosensory neuron?
Unipolar
What kind of neuron is a motor neuron?
Multipolar
