Hormones and Sexual Development Flashcards
What tropic hormone does CRF release?
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
What peripheral organ and hormone does ACTH affect?
Adrenal Cortex and Cortisol
What peripheral actions are a result of the release of ACTH and cortisol?
Stress Response
What is the releasing factor for ACTH and cortisol?
CRF (corticotropin releasing factor)
What tropic hormone does TRH release?
TSH- Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
What peripheral organ and hormone does TSH affect?
Thyroid Gland and T3/T4
What peripheral actions are a result of the release of TSH and T3/T4?
Thermoregulation and Metabolism
What is the releasing factor for TSH and T3/T4?
TRH- Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone
What tropic hormones does GnRH release?
LH- Luteinizing Hormone and FSH-Follicle Stimulating Hormone
What peripheral organ and hormone does LH and FSH affect?
Gonads and sex hormones
What peripheral actions are a result of the release of LH, FSH and sex hormones?
Menstrual Cycle, Sperm Production, etc.
What is the releasing factor for LH and FSH?
GnRH- Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone
What tropic hormone does GHRH release?
GH- growth hormone
What peripheral organ(s) does GH affect?
Muscles. bones, etc.
What peripheral actions are a result of the release of GH?
Growth throughout the body
What is the releasing factor for GH?
GHRH- Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone
What tropic hormone does serotonin and TRH release?
Prolactin
What peripheral organ does prolactin affect?
Mammary glands
What peripheral action is a result of the release of prolactin?
Milk Production
What is the releasing factor(s) for prolactin?
Serotonin and TRH
Describe the process of the milk letdown reflex
A stimulus sends a signal to the hypothalamus which then releases oxytocin into the blood, which then acts in the milk ducts to cause the milk letdown
Where is the oxytocin in the milk letdown reflex produced?
Posterior Pituitary Gland
What type of receptors are used by peptide hormones?
Metabotropic
What type of receptors are used by steroid hormones?
Intracellular
What are some examples of steroid hormones?
Cortisol, testosterone, DHT, estradiol, and progesterone
During what stage of the menstrual cycle is fertility highest in women?
Periovulatory
How do oral contraceptives block pregnancy?
Exert negative feedback on the hypothalamus and pituitary to block the LH surge therefore blocking ovulation
What are the effects of oxytocin on the body?
Milk letdown, olfactory memory, and orgasm
What are the effects of vasopressin on the body?
Fluid balance and pair bonding
Where are posterior pituitary hormones made?
Hypothalamus
Describe the synthesis pathway for sex hormones
Cholesterol, Progesterone, Testosterone, Estradiol OR Dihydratetestosterone (DHT)
Which sex hormone does the process of aromatase produce?
Estradiol
Which sex hormone does the process of 5-alpha reductase produce?
DHT
