Sensory systems

Question 1

List the five main categories of sensory receptors

Answer 1

Nociceptors, mechanoreceptors, chemoreceptors, photoreceptors, thermoreceptors

Question 2

Nociceptors

Answer 2

receptor cell that senses pain stimuli

Question 3

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 3

responds to mechanical stimuli, e.g. touch, pressure, vibration, hearing, blood pressure

Question 4

Thermoreceptors

Answer 4

responds to temperature stimuli

Question 5

Photoreceptors

Answer 5

responds to light stimuli

Question 6

Chemoreceptors

Answer 6

responds to chemical stimuli, e.g. senses chemicals, taste, smell, chemicals in body fluid

Question 7

Structure of cutaneous sensors

Answer 7

dermis or epidermis (skin)

Question 8

Structure of proprioceptors

Answer 8

muscles, tendons, skin (stretch receptors)

Question 9

Function of cutaneous sensors

Answer 9

Detect external stimuli

Question 10

Functions of proprioceptors

Answer 10

Responds to position and movement

Question 11

Locations of olfactory receptors

Answer 11

Nasal epithelium

Question 12

Function of olfactory system

Answer 12

responsible for sense of smell

Question 13

Structure of olfactory receptors

Answer 13

bipolar neurons

Question 14

Olfactory stimuli characteristics

Answer 14

volatile (liquid –> vapour), water & fat soluble, includes supporting cells; columnar epithelial cells of mucous membrane

Question 15

What is the pathway of olfactory impulses from receptors to cerebrum

Answer 15

Olfactory nerves → olfactory bulbs → olfactory tract → temporal lobe (cerebral cortex) where smell is interpreted

Question 16

Why does smell decrease with age

Answer 16

Fewer olfactory receptors, decreased regeneration of neurons, and changes in the olfactory bulb

Question 17

The only sensory information that does not go through thalamus

Answer 17

Olfactory receptors

Question 18

Function of gustatory system

Answer 18

Provides sense of taste

Question 19

Locations of gustatory receptors

Answer 19

taste buds on tongue, soft palate, pharynx

Question 20

Structure of gustatory receptors

Answer 20

taste cells in taste buds in elevated papillae with hair-like microvilli that detect chemicals in food

Question 21

5 primary tastes

Answer 21

1. sweet.
2. sour
3. bitter
4. Umami
5. Salty

Question 22

Long mircovillus

Answer 22

projects through a taste pore

Question 23

Explain the ions is gustatory receptors

Answer 23

Na⁺ for salty, H⁺ for sour or chemicals for sweet, bitter, and umami activate receptors, causing depolarization (hydrogen & sodium channels)

Question 24

How do we taste impulses

Answer 24

rom the tongue to the medulla, thalamus, and parietal lobe