important final review

Question 1

Sclera

Answer 1

shape of eyeball, protection

Question 2

Conjunctiva

Answer 2

lubricant, moisture for eye

Question 3

Cornea

Answer 3

principal refractive medium

Question 4

Lens

Answer 4

focuses light rays

Question 5

pupil

Answer 5

opening of iris where light passes through

Question 6

aqueous humour

Answer 6

maintains pressure, supplies nutrients to lens & cornea

Question 7

virtuous humour

Answer 7

maintains pressure, holds retina against choroid

Question 8

choroid

Answer 8

nourishes retina, pigment absorbs light

Question 9

fovea

Answer 9

high-acuity vision, saturated with cones

Question 10

optic disc

Answer 10

optic nerve, exits eye at optic disc, sends visual data to brain

Question 11

iris

Answer 11

adjusts light through pupil

Question 12

rods & cones

Answer 12

photoreceptors
rods: black/white, night visions, more abundant
cones: colour

Question 13

simple squamous

Answer 13

flat cells, lines air sacs of lungs, blood vessels

Question 14

stratified squamous

Answer 14

layered flat, lining of glands, ducts of kidneys

Question 16

columnar

Answer 16

rectangular, lining of stomach, digestive glands, small & large intestine, gall bladder

Question 17

str

Question 18

stratified columnar

Answer 18

layered rectangular, male urethra

Question 19

structure and function of epithelial

Answer 19

secretion/absorption, apical/free surface with a basement membrane attached to connective tissue

Question 20

structure and function of connective tissue

Answer 20

attaches parts of the body, ground substance, fibres, cells (matrix & associated cells)

Question 21

list the 3 fibres

Answer 21

elastic, collagen, reticular

Question 22

loose connective tissue

Answer 22

areolar; contains all 3 fibres, packing between glands, muscles, nerves

adipose; fat storage, insulation

reticular; reticular fibers & white blood cells, removes old blood cells

Question 23

mature connective tissue

Answer 23

dense; collagen fibers, tendons & ligaments

elastic; fibroblasts, elastic fibers

Question 24

cartilage

Answer 24

hyaline; most abundant, ends of bones, chondrocytes, intracellular material

elastic; network of collagen fibers, external ear & epiglottis

fibrocartilage; strong from collagen fibers

Question 25

solid and liquid

Answer 25

bone; support, protection

blood, no fibers, transport & immunity

Question 26

extracellular fluid

Answer 26

outside cells, found in lymph, tissues, joints

Question 27

interstitial fluid

Answer 27

between cells

Question 28

feedback loop

Answer 28

factor/stimulus-sensor-control centre-effector

Question 29

positive feedback

Answer 29

rare, may cause damage, induces stress, e.g. childbirth

Question 30

negative feedback

Answer 30

decreases stress, restores balance, e.g. blood pressure, blood sugar, blood O2 levels, temperature regulation

Question 31

Intercalated disc

Answer 31

gap junction + desmosomes

Question 32

gap junction

Answer 32

allows ions to pass among cardiac cells

Question 33

desmosomes

Answer 33

holds cell together during movement