Integumentary System Flashcards
List the components of the integumentary system.
- Skin
- Hair
- Glands
- Nails
- Sensory Receptors
List the layers of the epidermic from superficial to deep
- Stratum Corneum
- Stratum Lucidum
- Stratum Granulosum
- Stratum Spinosum
- Stratum Basale
Stratum Corneum
- Most superficial
- keratinized cells; shreds overtime
- causes calluses
Stratum Lucidum
- Second most superficial
- “Thick skin”, palms, soles
- Transparent dead
Stratum Granulosum
- Middle layer of epidermis
- Contain keratohyalin (converts to keratin)
- Cells undergo “apoptosis” (cell death)
Stratum Spinosum
- Second most deep
- Packed keratinocyte cells
- Contain filaments (spines), joins cells together
- Produce keratohyalin, langerhans, melanocyte
Stratum Basale
- Most Deep layer
- Single layer of simple cuboidal or columnar keratinocytes
- makes keratinocytes (new skin cells)
- Forms melanocytes & merkel cells
-Divides and pushes cells upward
Papillary region (dermis)
- Outer layer dermis, below epidermis
- Finger-like projections
- Loose connective tissue (elastin)
- Sensory structures, blood vessels
Reticular Region
- Deeper layer of dermis
- Dense irregular connective tissue (collagen)
- Strength, flexibility
- Glands, nerve endings, blood vessels, hair follicles
Keratinocytes
Living epithelial cell, produces keratin, protects & keeps skin waterproof
Melanocytes
Produces melanin, pigment for UV protection
List the functions of the integumentary system
- Protection
- Temperature regulation
- Sensation
- Immunity to disease
- Excretion
- Vitamin D production
- Behavioural: emotional expression
Function of Hair
- Sensation, protection, temperature regulation
- Dead keratinized cells
Function of Sebaceous (oil) glands
- Secretes sebum, coats hairs, prevents dehydration
Function of Ceruminous (wax) glands
- Secrets cerumen, wax in ear canal, protects against dust, insects
List the two types of Sudoriferous (sweat) glands
Apocrine - located in hair follicle, armpits, groin areas, sweat made up of protein & fat, odour/pheromones, activities during puberty
Eccrine - distributed throughout skin, water, odourless sweat
Which cell in the epidermis begins to undergo cell death and why
Stratum granulosum due to a lack of nourishment
The two major layers of the skin
Outer epidermis: epithelial cells
inner dermis: connective tissues
Merkel Cell
Near nerve ending, it is attached to a receptor in and made by the stratum basal and provide sense of touch.
Langerhan cell
Found in and produced by stratum spinous, part of immune system
Substance between the stratum spinosum
Glycolipids
How are melanocytes released into throughout the epidermis
exocytosis
What causes our skin to not absorb water and become “waterproof”
Keratinocytes
Oil gland
Sebaceous gland
Wax gland
Ceruminous gland
Hormonally active gland that may cause acne
sebaceous (oil) gland
Gland that protects ear against dust, insect
Ceruminous glands
How do glands prevent bacteria?
anti-microbial properties
What gives sweat a yellowish colour and odour
Fat & protein in apocrine sweat gland
Why is sweat acidic
So prevent bacteria growth
Papillary vs reticular region
Papillary’s finer-like projections help attach the dermis to the epidermis while the reticular region provide strength from dense connective tissue
Keratinocyte vs. Keratin vs. Keratohyalin vs. keratinization
Keratinocyte -
Hypodermis
- subcutaneous tissue
- deepest layer of the skin
- contains adipose tissue allowing the hypodermis to absorb shock
