Sensory systems Flashcards
What is the stimulus receptor and location for the modularity, hearing
Stimulus - mechanical
Receptor - Mechanoreceptor
Location - cochlea
What is the stimulus receptor and location for the modularity, balance
Stimulus - mechanical
Receptor - mechanoreceptor
Location - Vestibular system
What is the stimulus receptor and location for the modularity, vision
Stimulus - light
Receptor - Photoreceptor
Location - retina
What is the stimulus receptor and location for the modularity, Touch
Stimulus - Mechanical
Receptor - Mechanoreceptor
Location - Skin
What is the stimulus receptor and location for the modularity, Temperature
Stimulus - thermal
Receptor - Thermoreceptor
Location - Skin
What is the stimulus receptor and location for the modularity, pain
Stimulus - mechanical,thermal and chemical
Receptor - noiceptor
Location - skin, internal organs
What is the stimulus receptor and location for the modularity, proprioception
Stimulus - mechanical
Recptor - Mechanoreceptor
Location - mucles, tendons, joints
What is the stimulus receptor and location for the modularity, olfaction
Stimulus - chemical
Receptor - Chemoreceptor
Location - nasal cavity
What is the stimulus receptor and location for the modularity, taste
Stimulus - chemical
Receptor - Chemoreceptor
Location - Tongue, Pharynx, palate, epiglottis
How does a stimulus allow for the perception of touch
Stimulus –> sensory receptor activated –> Membrane permeability is altered in the sense cell –> Receptor potential develops in the sense cell –> neurotransmitter is released onto afferent neuron terminals –> AP is generated in Afferent neuron –> AP propagates to the CNS –> CNS integrates the information
What does the proprioception system do
your body’s ability to sense movement, action, and location.
Takes information from Golgi tendon organs and Muscle spindles to tell the CNS how stretched the muscles allowing us not to fall over
What is the difference between a graded receptor potential and an AP
GRP increase in size as a response to increases in stimulus
AP are always the same size but have a threshold for activation
What is an example of direct neuronal activation
Olfactory receptors
Ion influx causes a GRP to develop in cilium
Large enough receptor potentials cause depolarisation in the soma –> APs travel to olfactory bulb
What is an example of neuronal activity using a synapse
Taste receptors
Ion influx causes membrane depolarisation and a GRP develops –> initiates synaptic vesicle to fuse w membrane and neurotransmitter is released –> NT binds to postsynaptic receptors generating an EPSP in the afferent neuron of the dendrite –> big enough EPSPs generate an AP
What is sensory transduction
the translation of the sensory stimulus into neuronal activity
What are the 4 types of information that a sensory receptor can convey
Modality
Location
Intensity
Timing
What is labelled line code
That the receptors are only selective for one type of stimulus energy
Modality specific line of communication
What is synaesthesia
When someone senses one modality but perceive it as another modality
A fault in the labelled line code
“Hear colours”
What is stimulus location
Spatial arrangement of activated receptors within a sense organ which gives information about the stimulus
What is a receptive field in the somatic field
The region of skin innervated by the terminals of the receptor neuron
What is stimulus intensity
The total amount of stimulus energy delivered to the receptor
Lowest stimulus is known as the threshold
When do rapidly adapting receptors respond
At the begging and end of a stimulus
Phasic receptors
When do slowly adapting receptors respond
Respond to prolonged stimulation
Tonic receptors
What is divergence
Allows primary afferent neuron to signal to more than one relay neuron
Allows for redundancy