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ANAPHY LECTURE > SENSORY SYSTEM > Flashcards

SENSORY SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

2 basic groups of senses

A

special senses
general senses

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2
Q

types of general senses

A

somatic senses
visceral sensesw

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3
Q

what is the difference between somatic and visceral senses

A

somatic senses detect sensory information about the body and environment

visceral senses detect sensory information about pain pressure within internal organs

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4
Q

these senses provide sensory information from the muscles, joints, and skin

A

somatic senses (general)

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5
Q

these senses provide sensations of pain and pressure from the internal organs

A

visceral senses (general)

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6
Q

SOMATIC OR VISCERAL

temperature

A

somatic

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7
Q

SOMATIC OR VISCERAL

headache

A

visceral

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8
Q

SOMATIC OR VISCERAL

proprioception

A

somatic

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9
Q

SOMATIC OR VISCERAL

touch

A

somatic

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10
Q

SOMATIC OR VISCERAL

abdominal pain

A

visceral

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11
Q

SOMATIC OR VISCERAL

napaso ka

A

somatic

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12
Q

what are the special senses

A

smell (olfaction), taste, vision, hearing, balance

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13
Q

SOMATIC OR VISCERAL

vibration

A

somatic

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14
Q

SOMATIC OR VISCERAL

itch

A

somatic

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15
Q

this type of senses have receptors distributed over a large part of the body

A

general senses

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16
Q

this type of senses have receptors localized within specific organs

A

special senses

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17
Q

these are sensory nerve endings or specialized cells capable of responding to a stimulus by developing action potentials

A

sensory receptors

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18
Q

types of sensory receptors

A

mechanoreceptors
chemoreceptors
photoreceptors
thermoreceptors
nociceptors
touch receptors

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19
Q

types of thermoreceptors

A

cold receptors
warm receptors

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20
Q

types of touch receptors

A

merkel disks
hair-follicle receptors
meissner corpuscles
ruffini corpuscles
pacinian corpuscles

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21
Q

these are small, superficial nerve endings involved in detecting light touch and superficial pressure

A

merkel disks

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22
Q

these are involved in detecting light touch and are associated with hairs

A

hair-follicle receptors

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23
Q

these are receptors for fine, discriminative touch and are located deep within the epidermis

A

meissner corpuscles

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24
Q

these receptors are very specific in localizing tactile sensations

A

meissner corpuscles

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25
Q

these are deeper tactile receptors that play an important role in detecting continuous pressure in the skin

A

ruffini corpuscles

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26
Q

these are the deepest touch receptors and are associated with tendons and joints

A

pacinian corpuscles

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27
Q

which touch receptor type relays information concerning deep pressure, vibration, and body movement (proprioception)

A

pacinian corpuscles

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28
Q

group of unpleasant perceptual and emotional experiences

A

pain

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29
Q

this type of pain is commonly sensed when deeper structures such as internal organs are damaged or inflammed

A

referred pain

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30
Q

what is referred pain

A

type of pain that is perceived to originate in a region of the body that is not the source of the pain stimulus

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31
Q

which sensory receptor is responsible for olfaction (smell)

A

chemoreceptors

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32
Q

which sensory receptor is responsible for vision

A

photoreceptors

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33
Q

which sensory receptor is responsible for hearing

A

mechanoreceptors (sound waves)

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34
Q

which sensory receptor is responsible for taste

A

chemoreceptors

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35
Q

which sensory receptor is responsible for balance

A

mechanoreceptors (gravity/motion)

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36
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

in olfaction, odorants BIND to the RECEPTORS to initiate action potentials

A

TRUE

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37
Q

the sequence for the neuronal olfactory pathway

A

olfactory buld -> olfactory tract -> olfactory cortex

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38
Q

these are sensory structures that detect taste stimuli

A

taste buds

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39
Q

where are taste buds located

A

on the surface of certain papillae on the tongue

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40
Q

types of taste sensations

A

sour
salty
bitter
sweet
umami

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41
Q

cranial nerves that carry taste sensations to the brain

A

facial nerve (anterior 2/3)
glossopharyngeal nerve (posterior 1/3)
vagus nerve (root of the tongue)

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42
Q

components of the visual system

A

eyes
accessory structures
sensory neurons

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43
Q

these help protect, lubricate, and move the eye

A

accessory structures

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44
Q

hollow, fluid-filled sphere

A

eyeball

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45
Q

what are the layers of the eyeball called

A

fibrous tunic
vascular tunic
nervous tunic

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46
Q

components of the fibrous tunic

A

sclera
cornea

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47
Q

firm, white connective tissue that maintains eye shape and serves as the attachment site for the extrinsic eye muscles

A

sclera

48
Q

transparent anterior portion of the eye that permits light to enter the eye

A

cornea

49
Q

components of the vascular tunic

A

iris
ciliary body
choroid

50
Q

this is the colored part of the eye responsible for dilation and expansion of the pupil

A

iris

51
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

the iris is made up of smooth muscle

A

TRUE

52
Q

this contains smooth muscles attached to the periphery of the lens

A

ciliary body

53
Q

what attached the ciliary body to the lens

A

suspensory ligmanets

54
Q

this is the vascular network layer of the eye containing melanin-containing pigment cells

A

choroid

55
Q

this layer of the eye contains most of the eye’s blood vessels

A

vascular tunic

56
Q

middle layer of the eye tunics

A

vascular tunic

57
Q

fibrous layer of the eye

A

fibrous tunic

58
Q

the innermost layer of the eye that consists of the retina

A

nervous tunic

59
Q

the retina covers the posterior _____________ of the eyeand is composed of 2 layers

A

five-sixths

60
Q

2 layers of the retina

A

outer pigmented retina
inner sensory retina

61
Q

this retinal layer keeps light from reflecting back to the eye

A

outer pigmented retina

62
Q

this retinal layer contains photoreceptors that detect light that enters the eye

A

inner sensory retina

63
Q

the inner sensory retina has photoreceptor cells that include _______ and ________

A

rods; cones

64
Q

what is the function of the rod photoreceptor

A

this functions in dim light (kase they’re very sensitive) and does not provide color vision

65
Q

what is the function of the cone photoreceptor

A

this requires more light than rods and provides color vision

66
Q

small spot in the posterior retina with high resolution color vision

A

macula

67
Q

the center of the macula

A

fovea centralis

68
Q

this is the part of the retina where light is most focused when the eye is looking directly at an object

A

fovea centralis of the macula

69
Q

the fovea centralis consists of only ________ cells/receptors

(cone or rod)

A

cone

70
Q

this is the blind spot of the retina

A

optic disc

71
Q

why is the optic disc considered the blind spot of the eye

A

cuz it doesn’t have photoreceptors

72
Q

white spot, medial to the macula thru which a number of blood vessels enter the eye and spread over the surface of the retina

A

optic disc

73
Q

this is the absence of perception of one or more color

A

color blindness

74
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

most forms of color blindness occur more frequently in females and are X-linked genetic traits

A

FALSE (this occurs more in males)

75
Q

this is the misalignment of the two eyes (double vision)

A

diplopia

76
Q

cause of diplopia

A

weakness of the extrinsic muscles

77
Q

enumerate the accessory structures of the eye

A

eyelid
eyebrow
conjunctiva
lacrimal apparatus
extrinsic eye muscles

78
Q

function of the eyebrows

A

prevents perspiration from running down the forehead into the eyes and causing irritation and help shade the eyes from direct sunlight

79
Q

these accessory structures have associated lashes to protect the eyes from foreign objects

A

eyelids

80
Q

how do the eyelids keep the eye lubricated

A

by spreading tears over its surfaces

81
Q

thin transparent mucous membrane covering the inner surface of the eyelids and the anterior surface of the eye

A

conjuctiva

82
Q

parts of the lacrimal apparatus

A

lacrimal duct
nasolacrimal duct

83
Q

this duct produces tears and where is it located

A

lacrimal duct; superior lateral corner of the orbit

84
Q

how many extrinsic eye muscles are attached to the eyeball

A

six

85
Q

these are responsible for eye movement

A

extrinsic eye muscles

86
Q

which muscles are located at an angle to the long axis of the eyeball

A

superior and inferior oblique muscles

87
Q

six extrinsic eye muscles

A

superior, lateral, medial, inferior rectus muscles
superior and inferior oblique muscles

88
Q

diplopia is also known as?

A

double vision

89
Q

where are the organs of hearing and balance located in the body

A

ears

90
Q

what is the tympanic membrane

A

eardrum

91
Q

this part/area of the ear extends from the outside of the head to the eardrum

A

external ear

92
Q

air-filled chamber of the ear medial to the tympanic membrane

A

middle ear

93
Q

set of fluid-filled chambers medial to the middle ear

A

inner ear

94
Q

fleshy part of the ear that collects sound waves toward the external auditory canal

A

auricle

95
Q

components of the external ear

A

auricle
tympanic membrane

96
Q

thin membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear

A

tympanic membrane (eardrum)

97
Q

what happens when sound waves reach the eardrum

A

it vibrates

98
Q

the middle ear consists of three _______________________________ (ear bones

A

auditory ossicles

99
Q

3 auditory ossicles

A

malleus
incus
stapes

100
Q

auditory ossicles form a flexible bony bridge that transmits __________ from the ___________ to the ____________

A

vibrations; tympanic membrane; oval window

101
Q

how many muscles are attached to the malleus to dampen loud noises

A

2 muscles

102
Q

interconnecting tunnels and chambers in the inner ear within the temporal bone

A

bony labyrinth

103
Q

smaller set of membranous tunnels inside the bony labyrinth

A

membranous labyrinth

104
Q

the membranous labyrinth is filled with a clear fluid called ______________–

A

endolymph

105
Q

the space between the bony and membranous labyrinth is filled with a fluid called _______________

A

perilymph

106
Q

which nerve transmits the senses of hearing and balance to the brain

A

vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

107
Q

2 components of balance/equilibrium

A

static equilibrium
dynamic equilibrium

108
Q

static equilibrium is associated with which part of the inner ear

A

vestibule

109
Q

this equilibrium component is involved in evaluating the position of the head relative to gravity

A

static equilibrium

110
Q

this equilibrium component is involved in evaluating changes in the direction and rate of head movements

A

dynamic equilibrium

111
Q

dynamic equilibrium is associated with which part of the inner ear

A

semicircular canals

112
Q

type of conjunctivitis cause by chlamydia

A

trachoma

113
Q

infection of eyelash hair follicle

A

stye

114
Q

nearsightedness

A

myopia

115
Q

farsightedness

A

hyperopia

116
Q

when cornea and lens are not uniformly curved

A

astigmatism

117
Q

one or both eyes are misdirected; when eye muscles are weak

A

strabismus

ANAPHY LECTURE (6 decks)

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