CELL STRUCTURES AND THEIR FUNCTION Flashcards
this is the basic unit of a living organism
cell
where is genetic material contained inside the cell
nucleus
what are the 4 cell functions
receiving information, manufacture, packaging, shipping
when mRNA attaches to ribosomes, they form…
chains of amino acids
what part of the cell contains the DNA blueprints and serves as the command center of the cell
nucleus
this is responsible for lipid synthesis, processing of hormones, and calcium storage
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
organization points for microtubules, help in cell division
centrosomes
centrosomes are comprised of…
centrioles
these are cellular containers that transfer substances within and out of the cell membrane
vesicles
clean up crew of the cell (for cellular waste disposal)
lysosomes
this is the space between organelles that is filled with microtubules
cytoplasm
generates most of the cell’s supply of chemical energy
mitochondria
responsible for protein synthesis
ribosomes
2 basic types of cell
eukaryotes/eukaryotic and prokaryotes/prokaryotic
what cell type are animal cells
eukaryotic cell
what cell type are bacteria and blue-green algae
prokaryotic cells
where is genetic material stored in prokaryotic cells
nucleoid
what is the main distinction between eukaryotes and prokaryotes
prokaryotes don’t have nuclei (nucleus)
this regulates the transportation of materials in and out of the cell
cell membrane
the cell membrane has a ___________ bilayer, embedded with ____________
phosophilid; protein
what are the functions of the cell membrane
selective permeability, endocytosis, exocytosis, compartmentalization, storage, transport, and secretion
what part of the cell regulates RNA synthesis
nucleus
the nucleus is composed of 5 parts:
chromatin (inside the nucleolus), nucleolus, nucleopasm, nuclear envelope, and nuclear pores
this is the cite for ribosomal RNA synthesis
nucleolus
this is made up of coiled DNA bounded to histones
chromatin
inactivated x-chromosome in female cell nuclei
barr body
describe the 2 types of chromatin
- euchromatin (loosely packed, light staining, active genetic material)
- heterochromatin (tightly packed, dark staining, unused genetic material)
a semifluid, colloidal solution in which the chromatin materials and the nucleolus are suspended
nucleoplasm
a double membrane that maintains a separate milieu between the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm
nuclear envelope
these vary in size and have a slit-like
diaphragm that regulates what enters and
leaves the nucleus.
nuclear pores
Gel like substance enclosed within the cell
membrane
cytoplasm
TRUE OR FALSE: the cytoplasm is 50% water and is usually colorless
FALSE (it is 70-90% water and is usually colorless)
what is the general term for membrane-bound and non-membrane-bound organs of the cell
organelles
what are the membrane-bound organelles
Nucleus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SEM)
Mitochondria
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
Peroxisome
Secretory vesicles
Chloroplasts (plant cells)
Vacuole (plant cell)
what are the non-membrane-bound organelles
Ribosomes
Microfilaments
Microtubules
Intermediate filaments
Junctions
Centrosomes
what are the 3 groups of structures
organelles, cytoplasmic inclusions, cytoskeleton
these are transient cellular structures that are less involved in cell metabolism
cytoplasmic inclusions
these are secretory inclusions
enzymes, acids, proteins
these are nutritive inclusions
glycogen granules, lipid droplets
these are pigment granules
melanin, lipofuscin, hemosiderin
Provides structural stability for the
maintenance of cell shape
cytoskeleton
Network of flatted sacs and branching
tubules
endoplasmic reticulum
this type of ER is granular and involved in protein synthesis; has ribosomes attached on its surface
rough endoplasmic reticulum
this type of ER is a network of tubular membrane structures and is involved in lipid synthesis
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
