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ANAPHY LECTURE > CELL STRUCTURES AND THEIR FUNCTION > Flashcards

CELL STRUCTURES AND THEIR FUNCTION Flashcards

1
Q

this is the basic unit of a living organism

A

cell

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2
Q

where is genetic material contained inside the cell

A

nucleus

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3
Q

what are the 4 cell functions

A

receiving information, manufacture, packaging, shipping

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4
Q

when mRNA attaches to ribosomes, they form…

A

chains of amino acids

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5
Q

what part of the cell contains the DNA blueprints and serves as the command center of the cell

A

nucleus

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6
Q

this is responsible for lipid synthesis, processing of hormones, and calcium storage

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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7
Q

organization points for microtubules, help in cell division

A

centrosomes

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8
Q

centrosomes are comprised of…

A

centrioles

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9
Q

these are cellular containers that transfer substances within and out of the cell membrane

A

vesicles

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10
Q

clean up crew of the cell (for cellular waste disposal)

A

lysosomes

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11
Q

this is the space between organelles that is filled with microtubules

A

cytoplasm

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12
Q

generates most of the cell’s supply of chemical energy

A

mitochondria

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13
Q

responsible for protein synthesis

A

ribosomes

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14
Q

2 basic types of cell

A

eukaryotes/eukaryotic and prokaryotes/prokaryotic

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15
Q

what cell type are animal cells

A

eukaryotic cell

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16
Q

what cell type are bacteria and blue-green algae

A

prokaryotic cells

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17
Q

where is genetic material stored in prokaryotic cells

A

nucleoid

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18
Q

what is the main distinction between eukaryotes and prokaryotes

A

prokaryotes don’t have nuclei (nucleus)

19
Q

this regulates the transportation of materials in and out of the cell

A

cell membrane

20
Q

the cell membrane has a ___________ bilayer, embedded with ____________

A

phosophilid; protein

21
Q

what are the functions of the cell membrane

A

selective permeability, endocytosis, exocytosis, compartmentalization, storage, transport, and secretion

22
Q

what part of the cell regulates RNA synthesis

A

nucleus

23
Q

the nucleus is composed of 5 parts:

A

chromatin (inside the nucleolus), nucleolus, nucleopasm, nuclear envelope, and nuclear pores

24
Q

this is the cite for ribosomal RNA synthesis

A

nucleolus

25
Q

this is made up of coiled DNA bounded to histones

A

chromatin

26
Q

inactivated x-chromosome in female cell nuclei

A

barr body

27
Q

describe the 2 types of chromatin

A
  1. euchromatin (loosely packed, light staining, active genetic material)
  2. heterochromatin (tightly packed, dark staining, unused genetic material)
28
Q

a semifluid, colloidal solution in which the chromatin materials and the nucleolus are suspended

A

nucleoplasm

29
Q

a double membrane that maintains a separate milieu between the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm

A

nuclear envelope

30
Q

these vary in size and have a slit-like
diaphragm that regulates what enters and
leaves the nucleus.

A

nuclear pores

31
Q

Gel like substance enclosed within the cell
membrane

A

cytoplasm

32
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: the cytoplasm is 50% water and is usually colorless

A

FALSE (it is 70-90% water and is usually colorless)

33
Q

what is the general term for membrane-bound and non-membrane-bound organs of the cell

A

organelles

34
Q

what are the membrane-bound organelles

A

Nucleus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SEM)
Mitochondria
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
Peroxisome
Secretory vesicles
Chloroplasts (plant cells)
Vacuole (plant cell)

35
Q

what are the non-membrane-bound organelles

A

Ribosomes
Microfilaments
Microtubules
Intermediate filaments
Junctions
Centrosomes

36
Q

what are the 3 groups of structures

A

organelles, cytoplasmic inclusions, cytoskeleton

37
Q

these are transient cellular structures that are less involved in cell metabolism

A

cytoplasmic inclusions

38
Q

these are secretory inclusions

A

enzymes, acids, proteins

39
Q

these are nutritive inclusions

A

glycogen granules, lipid droplets

40
Q

these are pigment granules

A

melanin, lipofuscin, hemosiderin

41
Q

Provides structural stability for the
maintenance of cell shape

A

cytoskeleton

42
Q

Network of flatted sacs and branching
tubules

A

endoplasmic reticulum

43
Q

this type of ER is granular and involved in protein synthesis; has ribosomes attached on its surface

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

44
Q

this type of ER is a network of tubular membrane structures and is involved in lipid synthesis

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

ANAPHY LECTURE (6 decks)

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