Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science for Medicine > Sensory Receptors > Flashcards

Sensory Receptors Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the definition of sensory receptors?

A

They are nerve endings that act as transducers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the function of transducers?

A

They convert energy into frequency of APs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the function of sensory receptors?

A

They inform the CNS about the internal and external environments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does sensory mobility mean?

A

A type of stimulus that activates a specific receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is meant by adequate stimulus?

A

The type of energy a receptors responds to

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are receptive fields?

A

A specific area that activates a sensory neurone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is neuronal convergence?

A

Many presynaptic neurones converging into a few postsynaptic membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is lateral inhibition?

A

The process by which stimuli is located, which occurs in the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is cortical space?

A

The location of brain sensory receptors. The more sensitive the area, the larger the cortical space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is meant be acuity?

A

How the sensitive areas of the skin detects 2 different points due to neuronal convergence and receptive fields

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the properties of sensory receptors?

A

Very specific to one type of energy form, adaptive and can process receptive fields

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When do sensory receptors generate a signal?

A

Due to change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are mechanoreceptors?

A

Receptors that are stimulated by mechanical stimuli and can detect stimuli e.g. pacinian capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a proprioceptor?

A

A mechanoreceptor in the joints that provides information about the anatomical position e.g. muscle spindle and GTO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a nociceptor?

A

Receptors that respond to pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are thermoreceptors?

A

Receptors that respond to temperature changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are photoreceptors?

A

Receptors that respond to changes in wavelength of light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are chemoreceptors?

A

Receptors that respond to changes in pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is transduction?

A

The opening or closing of ion channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are cutaneous receptors?

A

Nerve endings that are protected by a capsule and cause membrane deformation due to adequate stimulus

21
Q

What does membrane deformation activate?

A

Stretch-sensitve ion channels which allow ions to flow across the membrane by voltage gated channels

22
Q

What are ion channels?

A

Channels that exist in the distal tip on sensory neurones and release neurotransmitters to create a potential in the axons’s dendrites

23
Q

What is a receptor potential?

A

Graded to stimulus intensity

24
Q

What is the difference between mechanoreceptors and nociceptors?

A

Nociceptors can adapt

25
Q

What is frequency coding?

A

The bigger the stimulus, the bigger the receptor potential and the bigger the AP frequency

26
Q

What switches stimuli on and off?

A

Pacinian capsule

27
Q

What happens when the pacinian capsule is removed?

A

Can no longer adapt so continues to produce a generator potential

28
Q

When is a generator potential at its highest?

A

At the start and at the end

29
Q

What is lateral inhibition?

A

The process by which the pathway closest to the stimulus inhibits neighbouring pathways ignorer to get a better idea of the stimulus

30
Q

What is the function of a muscle spindle?

A

Monitor muscle length and the rate at which it changes, control reflex and voluntary movements and provide sensory information about your body’s position

31
Q

What is Kinaesthesia?

A

Knowing your anatomical position

32
Q

How is muscle length monitored?

A

When muscles contract after adequate stimuli which opens ion channels. This creates a local generator potential which releases APs who the muscle stretches and the ion channels open

33
Q

What is the structure of a muscle spindles?

A

They lie in parallel with muscle fibres and are made of intrafusal fibres contained in a capsule

34
Q

What are skeletal fibres made out of?

A

A mix of intrafusal and extrafusal fibres

35
Q

What is contained within intrafusal fibres?

A

Contractile sarcomeres at both ends of the fibre, which can contract due to gamma motor neurones

36
Q

How are APs released form muscle spindles?

A

When the sarcomeres contract the middle part is stretched which releases APs

37
Q

What are the 2 types of intrafusal fibres?

A

Nuclear bag fibres and nuclear chain fibres

38
Q

What is the mechanism for efferent control?

A

When agonists contract, antagonists relax and the joint moves

39
Q

What happens to the spindle when agonists stretch?

A

Spindle discharge increases

40
Q

What happens to the spindle when antagonists stretch?

A

Spindle discharge decreases

41
Q

How can spindles allow signals to be sent to the brain?

A

Alpha motor fibres fibre which cause the extrafusal fibres to contract and then in order to not let the spindle slack, the gamma motor neurones are activated which contracts the sarcomeres so the spindle matches the contracting muscle, which allows signals to be sent to the brain

42
Q

What is the function of alpha motor neurones?

A

Cause contraction when activated

43
Q

What are the function of gamma motor neurones?

A

They are activated by alpha motor fibres and maintain spindle sensitivity to stretch

44
Q

What does the co-avtivation of alpha and gamma motor neurones allow?

A

Voluntary movements

45
Q

What is the function of the GTO?

A

It monitors muscle tension by monitoring stretch receptors in tendons

46
Q

How is tension increased?

A

Isometric muscle contractions fire 1b sensory axons but muscles stay the same length as 1a sensory axons don’t fire

47
Q

How can GTO monitor stretching in tendons?

A

Tedons are inelastic so the muscles must develop tension to stretch them, so this tension can be recored

48
Q

What is the structure of GTO?

A

Nevre endings of GTO are mixed with the tendons at the ends of muscles and they are in series with muscle fibres

Science for Medicine (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions