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Physiology > sensory physiology > Flashcards

sensory physiology Flashcards

1
Q
  • Five major divisions based on stimuli they respond to
A 
○ Mechanoreceptors 
		○ Thermoreceptors 
		○ Photoreceptors 
		○ Chemoreceptors 
		○ Nociceptors
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2
Q
  • Two types of receptor cells
A

○ A nerve cell

○ A specialised cell + afferent neurone

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3
Q

Stimulus intensity encoded by

A

AP firing rate

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4
Q

RA (phasic) neurones

A

respond poorly to steady stimuli, but very well to dynamic stimuli

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5
Q

SA (tonic) neurones

A

detect continuous stimuli, but not dynamic stimuli

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6
Q

C fibres

A

slow

no myelin

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7
Q

Aa fibres

A

super fast

thick myelin

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8
Q

Ab fibres

A

fast

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9
Q

A delta fibres

A

kinda fast

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10
Q

stimulus acuity

A

Ability to distinguish between two spatially separate stimuli

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11
Q

stimulus acuity depends on

A

§ Density of peripheral receptors
§ Size of receptive fields
§ Central convergence and lateral inhibition

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12
Q

Lateral inhibition restricts

A

spatial spread of excitation

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13
Q

label line principle

A

§ Receptor does not dictate what the brain will understand, the location of the afferent nerve does
○ Action potentials in labelled lines generate specific sensory percept

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14
Q

2 unencapsulated nerve endings

A

free nerve endings and Merkel’s disks

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15
Q

free nerve endings

A

(slowly adaptive, variable gating)

□ Pain, warm, cold A-delta or C fibres

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16
Q

merles’s disks

A

(slowly adapting, mechanoreceptor)

□ Continuous light tough (steady state info) Ab fibres

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17
Q

3 encapsulated nerve endings

A

meissner’s corpuscle, lamellar corpuscle, bulbous corpusle

18
Q

miessner’s corpuscle

A

(rapidly adapting mechanoreceptor

□ Altered touch, spatial characteristics Ab fibres

19
Q

lamellar corpuscle

A

(rapidly adapting mechanosensor)

□ Deep pressure, vibration, Ab fibres

20
Q

bulbous corpusclee

A

(slowly adapting mechanosensor)

□ Heavy touch, stretch (joints) Ab fibres

21
Q

Na/Ca channels

A

§ Excitatory

22
Q

K/Cl channels

A

§ Inhibitory

23
Q

○ Golgi tendon organs

A

§ Compression, stretch
§ Rapid adapt, Aa, Ab fibres
§ Joint position, reflex response to over-flexion

24
Q

○ Muscle spindles

A

§ Compression, stretch
§ Rapid adapt of slowly adapt, Aa/Ab fibres
§ Rate of change and muscle stretch

25
Q

joint capsule receptors

A

§ Around the joint capsule
§ Fire information at different angles
§ Stretch receptors - ruffini
§ Joint angle information

26
Q

3 instruments for positional sense

A

joint capsule receptors
muscle spindles
Golgi tendon organs

27
Q

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels

A

temperature sensitive ion channels

§ Excitatory Na/Ca channels

28
Q

cold receptors

A

TRPM8 channels

§ Firing rate increases as temp decreases

29
Q

cold receptors also respond to

A

eucalyptus, menthol

30
Q

cold receptors

A

§ Temperature range spanning about 10-35°C

31
Q

Warm receptors

A

TRPV1/3, TREK1 channels

§ Firing rate increases as temp increases

32
Q

TRPV3

A

22-40°C

33
Q

TRPV1

A

42°C +

34
Q

2 distinct affarent pathways of somatosensory

A

DCML and anterolateral pathway

35
Q
  • The dorsal column medial lemiscal pathway DCML
A

○ Larger fibres (30-110 m/s)

○ More spatial organisation

36
Q

DCML does

A 
§ Localised touch 
			§ Fine grade touch
			§ Vibration 
			§ Movement against skin 
			§ Joint position 
			§ Fine pressure
37
Q
  • Anterolateral pathway
A

○ Thinner fibres (<40m/s)

○ Less spatial organisation

38
Q

anterolateral pathway does

A 
§ Pain 
			§ Heat cold 
			§ Crude touch 
			§ Crude pressure 
			§ Tickle and itch 
			§ Sexual sensation
39
Q

Strong pressure/pinch/squeeze

A

§ High threshold stretch-gated Na/Ca channels

40
Q
  • Temperature pain (hot, cold)
A

○ Thermally gated ion channels

○ TRPV1/2/3 (HOT) and TRPM8 (cold) channels

41
Q

Polymodal nociceptors

A
  • Receptive to all other painful stimuli
    ○ Respond to heat, cold, pinch and chemical stimuli
    ○ Express multiple receptors

Physiology (13 decks)

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