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Module 3 > Sensory Perception > Flashcards

Sensory Perception Flashcards

1
Q

the ability to receive sensory input and, through various physiological processes in the body, translate the stimulus or data into meaningful information

A

sensory perception

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2
Q

a deficit in the normal function of sensory reception and perception

A

sensory deficit

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3
Q

what are 3 types of sensory deprivation

A

reduced sensory input
elimination of patterns or meaning from input
restrictive enviornments

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4
Q

what are 5 characteristics of cataracts

A
  1. cloudy, opaque lens
  2. decreased visual acuity
  3. no pain
  4. occurs gradually
  5. decreased night vision
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5
Q

what are the treatments for cataracts

A

removal of lens with lens implant

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6
Q

an opacification (clouding) of the lens, that can significantly interfere with light transmission to the retina and the ability to perceive images clearly

A

cataracts

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7
Q

cataracts are the leading cause of _______ and most common surgical procedure for those aged over 65

A

blindness

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8
Q

what are cataracts risk factors

A 
aging
blunt trauma
genetics
environment
long term sun exposure
smoking and alcohol use
ocular inflammation
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9
Q

what are clinical manifestations of age related cataracts

A 
cloudy/opaque lens
cloudy vision
halos
diplopia
photophobia
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10
Q

what are the 4 subjective data of early stage cataracts

A

blurred vison/decreased vision acuity
sensitivity to light or glares
halo around lights
does NOT hurt

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11
Q

what are the 4 objective data late stages

A

progressive loss of vision
diplopia
visual opacity
absent red reflex

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12
Q

what are the diagnosis studies for cataracts

A 
history and physical examination
visual acuity measurement
opthalmoscopy
slit lamp microscope 
glare testing
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13
Q

there is not a surgical “cure” for this

A

cataracts

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14
Q

what visual aids may help cataracts

A

changing eyewear prescription
reading glasses
magnifiers
increased lighting

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15
Q

where do cataracts typically start

A

in the periphery

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16
Q

cataracts usually will happen ________ but one progress more than the ______

A

bilaterally; other

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17
Q

a cataract that takes up the entire lens is

A

mature

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18
Q

a cataract that takes up just half of the lens is

A

immature

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19
Q

topical or systemic long term corticosteroids increase risk of

A

cataracts

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20
Q

what develops cataracts at a younger age

A

uncontrolled diabetes

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21
Q

what do the glare testing and slit lamp light do

A

see back of eye and make sure there are not any protein clumps for cataracts

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22
Q

what happens during the preoperative phase of cataracts

A 
H&P
Eye drops (no steroidal anti inflammatory, dilating)
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23
Q

what are the steps of the intraoperative phase of cataracts

A

corneoscleral incision
cataract extracted and sutures
cortex irrigated and aspirated
corticosteroid and antibiotic ointment

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24
Q

why will the steroid does be low and short term for cataract sx

A

because they typically cause cataracts

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25
Q

if the eyesight is not better post op it should become better __-__ days after surgery just because the eye is _____ form surgery

A

3-5; irritated

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26
Q

if there is redness after cataract sx this could be

A

sign of infection

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27
Q

after cataract sx avoid bending over because

A

it could cause pressure

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28
Q

what vitamins should be taken for cataracts

A

A, E, C

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29
Q

what assessment should be done post op

A 
check visual acuity
psychosocial impact of visual acuity
level of knowledge about sx
comfort/ability to comply with post treatment
self care deficits
anxiety
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30
Q

what are 5 signs of complications after cataract sx

A 
sharp, sudden pain in eye
bleeding or increased discharge
lid swelling
sudden decrease in vision 
flashes of light that might increase IOP
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31
Q

anytime your head is below your heart in increases

A

intraocular pressure

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32
Q

what should you teach the pt about cataract

A

review procedure for use of eye drops
wear sunglasses
good nutrition

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33
Q

increased intraocular pressure and progressive vision loss

A

glaucoma

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34
Q

glaucoma feels like they have ______ on , ______ vision and can not see anything to the _____

A

blinders; tunnel; side

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35
Q

what are the 3 P’s of blindness due to OPEN angle glaucoma

A

Preventable
Painless
Permanent

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36
Q

glaucoma is a group of disorders characterized by

A

increased IOP and consequences of elevated pressure, optic nerve atrophy, peripheral visual field loss

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37
Q

glaucoma is the ____ leading cause of blindness and the leading cause of blindness in _____

A

2nd; african americans

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38
Q

what are the risk factors for glaucoma

A 
family hx
over age of 40
hypertension
diabetes
hx of ocular problems
39
Q

what is the MOST common type of glaucoma and is the outflow of aqueous humor is decreased in trabecular meshwork

A

primary open angle glaucoma

40
Q

POAG is like a clogged kitchen sink which means

A

pressure builds up and is not letting anything go out

41
Q

what are the 3 clinical manifestations of POAG

A

develops slowly
no symptoms
unnoticed until peripheral vision is severely compromised

42
Q

these are the pt that say they don’t have any peripheral vision

A

POAG

43
Q

this type of glaucoma is a medical emergency and completely blocks the outflow of aqueous humor (can be from the age process, drooping of eyes)

A

primary angle closure glaucoma

44
Q

what is the clinical manifestations of PACG

A

acute angle closure glaucoma
sudden onset
excruciating pain IN or AROUND eyes and colored halos around lights, may develop N/V, ocular redness

45
Q

someone who has HALO but DOES NOT have pain

A

cataracts

46
Q

when should PACG be fixed

A

within 1-2 days or will have permanent vision loss

47
Q

what is normal IOP

A

10-21 mmHg

48
Q

what is open angle glaucoma IOP

A

22-32 mmHg

49
Q

what is acute angle-closure glaucoma

A

> 50mmHg

50
Q

what are the 4 diagnostic studies

A

slit lamp microscope
tonometry
peripheral and central vision tests
opthalmoscopy

51
Q

put of air into the eye

A

tonometry

52
Q

tells how long a pt has had it

A

peripheral and central vision test

53
Q

sees the back of the eye- optic disk becomes deeper, wider, pallor so thats why we do this

A

opthalmoscopy

54
Q

what are ways to care for chronic open angle glaucoma

A

drug therapy
argon laser trabeculoplasty
trabeculectomy

55
Q

in a trabeculoplasty the laser stimulates ______ and contraction of trabecular meshwork (holes) uncloggs to let aqueous humor flow out

A

scarring

56
Q

makes square in the trabecular meshwork to allow a better hole

A

trabeculectomy

57
Q

what care should be given for acute angle closure glaucoma

A

miotics
oral/IV hyperosmotic
Laser peripheral iridotomy
surgical iridectomy

58
Q

puts a hole in the IRIS (lots of dots) sometimes it will fix it but another attack will happen then you go to the next

A

laser peripheral iridotomy

59
Q

removes part of the IRIS (pretty much fixes it for good)

A

surgical iridectomy

60
Q

what nursing assessments should be done for glaucoma

A

ability to understand and comply with treatment
psychologic reaction to sight-threatening disorders
family reaction and support
caregiver availability

61
Q

what are 4 nursing diagnosis of glaucoma

A

risk for injury
self-care deficit
acute pain
noncompliance

62
Q

what eye problem should you stand to the side of pt because they can’t see in the center

A

macular degeneration

63
Q

what could increase the risk for glaucoma

A

hypertension and diabetes

64
Q

what can be genetic and potentially increase risk for eye disorders

A

sickle cell, thyroid disease, cancer, hemophilia

65
Q

what eye disorder could cause glaucoma

A

cataracts

66
Q

most common cause of irreversible central vision loss in people over age 60 in the U.S.

A

macular degeneration

67
Q

what are risk factors for MD

A 
family hx
long term exposure to UV light
hyperopia
smoking
light colored eyes may be an additional risk
68
Q

MD is _____ and no ______

A

irreversible; treatment

69
Q

what are the 2 types of MD

A

dry md

wet md

70
Q

dry (atrophic) MD is the

A

hardening of retinal capillaries

71
Q

early dry MD is

A

few small to medium size drusen but no change in vision best thing is to consume lots of vitamin A, E, C

72
Q

intermediate dry MD is

A

many medium size drusen but still just minor visual changes

73
Q

advanced dry MD is

A

many large drusen, breakdown of phtoreceptors (no color), dark spot in center, progressive central learning and vision loss-will go at different speeds so your brain try to compensate for it by using the other eye more than the affected

74
Q

less common, more severe MD and is when the blood vessels leak

A

wet (exudative) MD

75
Q

you must be diagnosed with ____ MD first

A

Dry

76
Q

what are dry MD symptoms

A

develop gradually
need for brighter light
gradual haziness of central or overall vision
blurred spot in the center of field of vision

77
Q

what are wet MD symptoms

A

abrupt onset
rapid worsening and vision loss
well-defined blurry/blind spot of central vision

78
Q

need light at you or where you are looking and may see animals that art really there

A

dry MD

79
Q

DO NOT want light directly on them

A

cataracts

80
Q

leads to abrupt vision loss

A

wet MD

81
Q

what is the management of dry MD

A

antioxidants, zinc, and selenium
Vit. A, C,E
fruits, veggies, fish

82
Q

what is the management of wet MD

A

injections into eye
photodynamic therapy
laser

83
Q

what do the injections for wet MD do

A

stop the growth of blood vessels

84
Q

conductive hearing loss occurs in ______ and _______ ear and impairs the sound being conducted from _____ to ______ ear

A

outer and middle; outer to inner

85
Q

what causes conductive hearing loss

A

ear infection with pus
impacted earwax
middle ear disease
hardening of ear hairs

86
Q

the conductive hearing loss pt actually hears better in

A

noisy environments

87
Q

the typical hearingloss pt

A

hears better in noisy rooms
talks quieter
can not register high pitch sounds (talk lower and slower for them to hear you)

88
Q

what assistive devices and techniques are for hearing loss

A 
amplification devices
alerting systems
texting systems
closed captions
specially trained dogs
89
Q

what are the basic care of hearing aids

A

hearing aids are NOT water proof

make sure they are in ears, don’t leave on bed sheets

90
Q

what are medical interventions of hearingloss

A

early detection
safety measures (due to hearing loss)
dietary (nutrition, hydration)
medication

91
Q

what are surgical interventions for hearing loss

A

remove causative agent
hearing aids
implants

92
Q

what are communication interventions for hearing loss

A

hearing aids
lip reading, sign language
speech therapy

93
Q

what are community resources for hearing loss

A

support groups

Module 3 (10 decks)

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