Sensory Perception Flashcards
the ability to receive sensory input and, through various physiological processes in the body, translate the stimulus or data into meaningful information
sensory perception
a deficit in the normal function of sensory reception and perception
sensory deficit
what are 3 types of sensory deprivation
reduced sensory input
elimination of patterns or meaning from input
restrictive enviornments
what are 5 characteristics of cataracts
- cloudy, opaque lens
- decreased visual acuity
- no pain
- occurs gradually
- decreased night vision
what are the treatments for cataracts
removal of lens with lens implant
an opacification (clouding) of the lens, that can significantly interfere with light transmission to the retina and the ability to perceive images clearly
cataracts
cataracts are the leading cause of _______ and most common surgical procedure for those aged over 65
blindness
what are cataracts risk factors
aging blunt trauma genetics environment long term sun exposure smoking and alcohol use ocular inflammation
what are clinical manifestations of age related cataracts
cloudy/opaque lens cloudy vision halos diplopia photophobia
what are the 4 subjective data of early stage cataracts
blurred vison/decreased vision acuity
sensitivity to light or glares
halo around lights
does NOT hurt
what are the 4 objective data late stages
progressive loss of vision
diplopia
visual opacity
absent red reflex
what are the diagnosis studies for cataracts
history and physical examination visual acuity measurement opthalmoscopy slit lamp microscope glare testing
there is not a surgical “cure” for this
cataracts
what visual aids may help cataracts
changing eyewear prescription
reading glasses
magnifiers
increased lighting
where do cataracts typically start
in the periphery
cataracts usually will happen ________ but one progress more than the ______
bilaterally; other
a cataract that takes up the entire lens is
mature
a cataract that takes up just half of the lens is
immature
topical or systemic long term corticosteroids increase risk of
cataracts
what develops cataracts at a younger age
uncontrolled diabetes
what do the glare testing and slit lamp light do
see back of eye and make sure there are not any protein clumps for cataracts
what happens during the preoperative phase of cataracts
H&P Eye drops (no steroidal anti inflammatory, dilating)
what are the steps of the intraoperative phase of cataracts
corneoscleral incision
cataract extracted and sutures
cortex irrigated and aspirated
corticosteroid and antibiotic ointment
why will the steroid does be low and short term for cataract sx
because they typically cause cataracts
if the eyesight is not better post op it should become better __-__ days after surgery just because the eye is _____ form surgery
3-5; irritated
if there is redness after cataract sx this could be
sign of infection
after cataract sx avoid bending over because
it could cause pressure
what vitamins should be taken for cataracts
A, E, C
what assessment should be done post op
check visual acuity psychosocial impact of visual acuity level of knowledge about sx comfort/ability to comply with post treatment self care deficits anxiety
what are 5 signs of complications after cataract sx
sharp, sudden pain in eye bleeding or increased discharge lid swelling sudden decrease in vision flashes of light that might increase IOP
anytime your head is below your heart in increases
intraocular pressure
what should you teach the pt about cataract
review procedure for use of eye drops
wear sunglasses
good nutrition
increased intraocular pressure and progressive vision loss
glaucoma
glaucoma feels like they have ______ on , ______ vision and can not see anything to the _____
blinders; tunnel; side
what are the 3 P’s of blindness due to OPEN angle glaucoma
Preventable
Painless
Permanent
glaucoma is a group of disorders characterized by
increased IOP and consequences of elevated pressure, optic nerve atrophy, peripheral visual field loss
glaucoma is the ____ leading cause of blindness and the leading cause of blindness in _____
2nd; african americans
what are the risk factors for glaucoma
family hx over age of 40 hypertension diabetes hx of ocular problems
what is the MOST common type of glaucoma and is the outflow of aqueous humor is decreased in trabecular meshwork
primary open angle glaucoma
POAG is like a clogged kitchen sink which means
pressure builds up and is not letting anything go out
what are the 3 clinical manifestations of POAG
develops slowly
no symptoms
unnoticed until peripheral vision is severely compromised
these are the pt that say they don’t have any peripheral vision
POAG
this type of glaucoma is a medical emergency and completely blocks the outflow of aqueous humor (can be from the age process, drooping of eyes)
primary angle closure glaucoma
what is the clinical manifestations of PACG
acute angle closure glaucoma
sudden onset
excruciating pain IN or AROUND eyes and colored halos around lights, may develop N/V, ocular redness
someone who has HALO but DOES NOT have pain
cataracts
when should PACG be fixed
within 1-2 days or will have permanent vision loss
what is normal IOP
10-21 mmHg
what is open angle glaucoma IOP
22-32 mmHg
what is acute angle-closure glaucoma
> 50mmHg
what are the 4 diagnostic studies
slit lamp microscope
tonometry
peripheral and central vision tests
opthalmoscopy
put of air into the eye
tonometry
tells how long a pt has had it
peripheral and central vision test
sees the back of the eye- optic disk becomes deeper, wider, pallor so thats why we do this
opthalmoscopy
what are ways to care for chronic open angle glaucoma
drug therapy
argon laser trabeculoplasty
trabeculectomy
in a trabeculoplasty the laser stimulates ______ and contraction of trabecular meshwork (holes) uncloggs to let aqueous humor flow out
scarring
makes square in the trabecular meshwork to allow a better hole
trabeculectomy
what care should be given for acute angle closure glaucoma
miotics
oral/IV hyperosmotic
Laser peripheral iridotomy
surgical iridectomy
puts a hole in the IRIS (lots of dots) sometimes it will fix it but another attack will happen then you go to the next
laser peripheral iridotomy
removes part of the IRIS (pretty much fixes it for good)
surgical iridectomy
what nursing assessments should be done for glaucoma
ability to understand and comply with treatment
psychologic reaction to sight-threatening disorders
family reaction and support
caregiver availability
what are 4 nursing diagnosis of glaucoma
risk for injury
self-care deficit
acute pain
noncompliance
what eye problem should you stand to the side of pt because they can’t see in the center
macular degeneration
what could increase the risk for glaucoma
hypertension and diabetes
what can be genetic and potentially increase risk for eye disorders
sickle cell, thyroid disease, cancer, hemophilia
what eye disorder could cause glaucoma
cataracts
most common cause of irreversible central vision loss in people over age 60 in the U.S.
macular degeneration
what are risk factors for MD
family hx long term exposure to UV light hyperopia smoking light colored eyes may be an additional risk
MD is _____ and no ______
irreversible; treatment
what are the 2 types of MD
dry md
wet md
dry (atrophic) MD is the
hardening of retinal capillaries
early dry MD is
few small to medium size drusen but no change in vision best thing is to consume lots of vitamin A, E, C
intermediate dry MD is
many medium size drusen but still just minor visual changes
advanced dry MD is
many large drusen, breakdown of phtoreceptors (no color), dark spot in center, progressive central learning and vision loss-will go at different speeds so your brain try to compensate for it by using the other eye more than the affected
less common, more severe MD and is when the blood vessels leak
wet (exudative) MD
you must be diagnosed with ____ MD first
Dry
what are dry MD symptoms
develop gradually
need for brighter light
gradual haziness of central or overall vision
blurred spot in the center of field of vision
what are wet MD symptoms
abrupt onset
rapid worsening and vision loss
well-defined blurry/blind spot of central vision
need light at you or where you are looking and may see animals that art really there
dry MD
DO NOT want light directly on them
cataracts
leads to abrupt vision loss
wet MD
what is the management of dry MD
antioxidants, zinc, and selenium
Vit. A, C,E
fruits, veggies, fish
what is the management of wet MD
injections into eye
photodynamic therapy
laser
what do the injections for wet MD do
stop the growth of blood vessels
conductive hearing loss occurs in ______ and _______ ear and impairs the sound being conducted from _____ to ______ ear
outer and middle; outer to inner
what causes conductive hearing loss
ear infection with pus
impacted earwax
middle ear disease
hardening of ear hairs
the conductive hearing loss pt actually hears better in
noisy environments
the typical hearingloss pt
hears better in noisy rooms
talks quieter
can not register high pitch sounds (talk lower and slower for them to hear you)
what assistive devices and techniques are for hearing loss
amplification devices alerting systems texting systems closed captions specially trained dogs
what are the basic care of hearing aids
hearing aids are NOT water proof
make sure they are in ears, don’t leave on bed sheets
what are medical interventions of hearingloss
early detection
safety measures (due to hearing loss)
dietary (nutrition, hydration)
medication
what are surgical interventions for hearing loss
remove causative agent
hearing aids
implants
what are communication interventions for hearing loss
hearing aids
lip reading, sign language
speech therapy
what are community resources for hearing loss
support groups
