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Module 3 > Lab Values > Flashcards

Lab Values Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 reasons for performing lab testing

A

screening, diagnosis, monitoring

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2
Q

what is the norm for WBC

A

3.6-10.8 K/uL

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3
Q

what are WBC labs useful for

A

infection
neoplasm
allergy
immunosuppression

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4
Q

an increase in WBC=

A

(leukocytosis) infection, dehydration, stress, abscess, meningitis, appendicitis or tonsillitis

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5
Q

a decrease in WBC=

A

(leukopenia) drug toxicity, chemo, dietary deficiency, bone marrow depression, viral infection or toxic reaction

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6
Q

what are the 3 main stages of lab testing

A

screening
diagnosis
monitoring

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7
Q

why do you perform a screening

A

for evidence of disease

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8
Q

why do you give a diagnosis

A

helps detect the presence of a condition

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9
Q

why do you monitor labs

A

to correlate serum levels with patient responses

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10
Q

different additives in tubes can affect the lab result if…

A

not drawn up in the correct order

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11
Q

what are things that can affect lab values

A

age, gender, race, pregnancy

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12
Q

what are the most common drugs that affect lab testing

A

oxygen
NSAIDS
antibiotics
diuretics

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13
Q

BMP tests for

A

tests for heart failure

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14
Q

Hepatic function is for the

A

liver

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15
Q

D Dimer is for the

A

bleeding problems or clots

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16
Q

what are the labs for CBC

A

WBC, RBC, Indices, H& P, Plts, differential

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17
Q

of red cells per cc/blood

A

RBC

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18
Q

O2 carrying protein

A

Hemoglobin

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19
Q

packed volume of RBCs, % of total volume

A

Hematocrit

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20
Q

MCV, MCH, MCHC all deal with

A

anemia

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21
Q

red cell distribution width

A

RDW

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22
Q

of ptl. per cc/blood

A

platelet

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23
Q

of white cells per cc/blood

A

WBC

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24
Q

what are the common indications for a CBC

A

infection, weakness or anemia, bleeding, fluid status

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25
Q

what is the normal lab value for HGB

A

12.0-16.0g

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26
Q

a protein in HGB give blood its

A

red color

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27
Q

HGB and Hct are

A

closely related

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28
Q

an increase in HGB=

A

congenital heart disease, COPD

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29
Q

a decrease in HGB=

A

anemia, hodgkin disease, renal disease

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30
Q

what is the normal lab values for Hct

A

37.0-47.0%

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31
Q

the rapid measurement of RBC count could be seen by what lab

A

Hct

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32
Q

Hct is __x higher than Hgb level

A

3x

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33
Q

an increase in Hct levels=

A

congenital heart disease, COPD

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34
Q

a decrease in Hct levels=

A

anemia, hemorrhage, renal disease

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35
Q

what is the normal level for Plt

A

150-400 L/uL

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36
Q

at what platelet count should you hold lovenox

A

under 100,000

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37
Q

an increase in plt lab values=

A

(thrombocytosis) Fe deficiency anemia

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38
Q

a decrease in plt lab values=

A

(thromocytopenia) leukemia and other myelofibrosis disorders

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39
Q

what are the 2 main platelet disorders

A

thrombocytopenia

thrombocytosis

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40
Q

< 50,000 (too few plts is significant bleeding)

A

thrombocytopenia

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41
Q

> 600,000 (too many plts and risk for clotting> 1 mill)

A

thrombocytosis

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42
Q

what are the RBC indices

A

MVC
RDW
MCH
MCHC

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43
Q

shape of RBC is known as

A

MCV

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44
Q

size of RBC is known as

A

RDW

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45
Q

average weight of hemoglobin within a single RBC is known as

A

MCH

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46
Q

% of hemoglobin within a single RBC is known as

A

MCHC

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47
Q

watch pt with low Hgb closely bc they are at increase risk of

A

angina, MI, CHF, and stroke

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48
Q

RBC indices are used to classify

A

anemias

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49
Q

what are the 6 differential WBC count

A
  1. neutrophils
  2. bands
  3. lymphocytes
  4. monocytes
  5. eosinophils
  6. basophils
50
Q

neutrophils indicate

A

bacterial

51
Q

bands indicate

A

immature wbc- bacterial

52
Q

lymphocytes indicate

A

viral

53
Q

monocytes indicate

A

fungal

54
Q

eosinophils indicate

A

allergic reactions, autoimmune disorders

55
Q

basophil indicates

A

cancer

56
Q

the basic metabolic panels (BMP) measure the status of

A

acid/base balance
blood glucose
electrolyte balance
kidney function

57
Q

the complete metabolic panels (CMP) measure status of

A

BMP plus: liver function, blood proteins

58
Q

what labs show kidney function

A

BUN and creatinine

59
Q

what are the normal values for sodium

A

135-145 meq/L

60
Q

what are the normal values for potassium

A

3.5-5.1 mmol/L

61
Q

what are the normal values for chloride

A

99-112 mmol/L

62
Q

what are the normal values for calcium

A

8.5-10.0 mg/dl

63
Q

what are the normal values for glucose

A

76-106 mg/dl

64
Q

what are the normal values for BUN

A

7-21 mg/dl

65
Q

what are the normal values for creatinine

A

0.6-1.3 mg/dl

66
Q

what lab is most commonly used in the evaluation of diabetic patients

A

glucose

67
Q

what are some interfering factors of glucose levels

A

stress, caffeine, pregnancy, IV fluids, drugs can increase or decrease

68
Q

what are S/S of hypoglycemia

A

confusion, tachycardia, coma, restelss, tremors, personality change, seizures, appears drunk

69
Q

what are S/S of hyperglycemia

A

polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, hypotensive, headache, drowsy, lethargic, hyporeflexia, muscle weakness, hot dry flushed skin, acetone breath, kussmauls breathing

70
Q

test used to monitor diabetes and or treatment of diabetes

A

Hgb A1c and tells the physician the patient’s average blood glucose level over the last few months

71
Q

non diabetic level would be

A

4%-5.9%

72
Q

good diabetic control level would be

A

<7%

73
Q

fair diabetic control level would be

A

8%-9%

74
Q

poor diabetic control

A

> 9%

75
Q

a Hgb A1c level of > 6.5 means

A

person has diabetes

76
Q

what can affect the color in a urinalysis

A

over hydration
ETOH
dehydration
foods

77
Q

what lab values should be NEGATIVE in a urinalysis

A

glucose, ketones, bilirubin, blood, protein and urobilinogen, nitrate, leukocytes, bacteria

78
Q

what should the pH be in a urinalysis

A

5-8 (slightly acidic)

79
Q

if blood is positive in urine it could indicate

A

hemoglobinuria
myoglobinuria
hematuria
kidney stones

80
Q

if ketones are positive in urinalysis it could indicate

A

diabetes and ETOH, decreased carb intake

81
Q

if nitrate is positive in urinalysis it could indicate

A

significant bacteria and or infection

82
Q

if bacteria is present in urinalysis it could indicate a

A

UTI

83
Q

what are 3 types of to look at a urinalysis

A

gross (color and appearance), dipstick and microscopic

84
Q

a urinalysis provides info about

A

kidneys and metabolic processes

85
Q

urinalysis is frequently used for testing

A

UTIs

86
Q

what is the norm level for sodium

A

134-145 meq/L

87
Q

sodium is the major cation in the

A

Extracellular space

88
Q

sodium is the balance between ______ intake and ______ excretion

A

dietary; renal

89
Q

increased sodium levels=

A

(hypernatremia) increase intake, decreased sodium loss, increase water loss, pt restless, can’t drink enough

90
Q

decreased sodium levels =

A

(hyponatremia) decrease in sodium intake, increase sodium loss, increase free body water, pt increase of weight, not easy to arouse, pulse is elevated, BP is low

91
Q

what are the potassium normal levels

A

3.5-5.1 mmol/L

92
Q

potassium is the major cation within the ______ and is important for ____ ______/ _____ _______

A

cell: nerve conduction/acid base

93
Q

increased potassium levels indicate

A

((hyperkalemia) excessive intake, acidosis, renal failure, addison disease, dehydration

94
Q

decreased potassium levels indicate

A

(hypokalemia) deficient intake, birns, hyperaldosteroneism, cushing syndrome, RTA, licorice ingestion, alkalosis, renal artery stenosis and pt is lethargic, thirsty, muscle irritability, cramping, EKG changes

95
Q

potassium levels are important in telling us about

A

cardiac issues

96
Q

what is the normal lab value for Chloride

A

98-108 mEq/L

97
Q

increased Cl could mean

A

(hyperchloremia); dehydration, metabolic acidosis, RTA, cushing syndrome, renal dysfunction, resp alkolosis, hyperparathyroidism

98
Q

decreased Cl could mean

A

(hypochloremia); overhydration, CHF, chronic resp acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, addisons disease, aldosteroneism, V/prolonged gastric suction, hypokalemia

99
Q

Cl lab values can give an indication of acid base balance and

A

hydration status

100
Q

interfering factors of Cl are

A

excessive infusions of saline drugs

101
Q

chloride maintains cellular integrity via influence on

A

osmotic pressure, acid base balance, water balance,

102
Q

Cl transport is passive and usually follows

A

sodium

103
Q

3.6-10.8 L/uL

A

WBC

104
Q

12.0-16.0 g/

A

HGB

105
Q

37.0-47.0%

A

HCT

106
Q

150-400 K/uL

A

PLT

107
Q

134-145 meq/L

A

Sodium

108
Q

3.5-5.1 mmol/L

A

Potassium

109
Q

8.5-10.0 mg/dl

A

Ca

110
Q

76-106 mg/dL

A

glucose

111
Q

7-21 mg/dL

A

BUN

112
Q

0.6-1.3 mg/dL

A

creatinine

113
Q

10-43 U/L

A

AST

114
Q

13-56 U/L

A

ALT

115
Q

amylase should be

A

<130 U/L

116
Q

lipase should be

A

<160 U/L

117
Q

9.7-12.7 sec

A

PT/Protime

118
Q

30-45 sec

A

PTT/ partial thromboplastin

119
Q

1.0-1.5 (not on coumadin)

A

INR/international normalized ratio

120
Q

if on coumadin the INR should be

A

2.0-3.0

Module 3 (10 decks)

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