Lab Values Flashcards
1
Q
what are the 3 reasons for performing lab testing
A
screening, diagnosis, monitoring
2
Q
what is the norm for WBC
A
3.6-10.8 K/uL
3
Q
what are WBC labs useful for
A
infection
neoplasm
allergy
immunosuppression
4
Q
an increase in WBC=
A
(leukocytosis) infection, dehydration, stress, abscess, meningitis, appendicitis or tonsillitis
5
Q
a decrease in WBC=
A
(leukopenia) drug toxicity, chemo, dietary deficiency, bone marrow depression, viral infection or toxic reaction
6
Q
what are the 3 main stages of lab testing
A
screening
diagnosis
monitoring
7
Q
why do you perform a screening
A
for evidence of disease
8
Q
why do you give a diagnosis
A
helps detect the presence of a condition
9
Q
why do you monitor labs
A
to correlate serum levels with patient responses
10
Q
different additives in tubes can affect the lab result if…
A
not drawn up in the correct order
11
Q
what are things that can affect lab values
A
age, gender, race, pregnancy
12
Q
what are the most common drugs that affect lab testing
A
oxygen
NSAIDS
antibiotics
diuretics
13
Q
BMP tests for
A
tests for heart failure
14
Q
Hepatic function is for the
A
liver
15
Q
D Dimer is for the
A
bleeding problems or clots
16
Q
what are the labs for CBC
A
WBC, RBC, Indices, H& P, Plts, differential
17
Q
of red cells per cc/blood
A
RBC
18
Q
O2 carrying protein
A
Hemoglobin
19
Q
packed volume of RBCs, % of total volume
A
Hematocrit
20
Q
MCV, MCH, MCHC all deal with
A
anemia
21
Q
red cell distribution width
A
RDW
22
Q
of ptl. per cc/blood
A
platelet
23
Q
of white cells per cc/blood
A
WBC
24
Q
what are the common indications for a CBC
A
infection, weakness or anemia, bleeding, fluid status
25
what is the normal lab value for HGB
12.0-16.0g
26
a protein in HGB give blood its
red color
27
HGB and Hct are
closely related
28
an increase in HGB=
congenital heart disease, COPD
29
a decrease in HGB=
anemia, hodgkin disease, renal disease
30
what is the normal lab values for Hct
37.0-47.0%
31
the rapid measurement of RBC count could be seen by what lab
Hct
32
Hct is __x higher than Hgb level
3x
33
an increase in Hct levels=
congenital heart disease, COPD
34
a decrease in Hct levels=
anemia, hemorrhage, renal disease
35
what is the normal level for Plt
150-400 L/uL
36
at what platelet count should you hold lovenox
under 100,000
37
an increase in plt lab values=
(thrombocytosis) Fe deficiency anemia
38
a decrease in plt lab values=
(thromocytopenia) leukemia and other myelofibrosis disorders
39
what are the 2 main platelet disorders
thrombocytopenia
| thrombocytosis
40
< 50,000 (too few plts is significant bleeding)
thrombocytopenia
41
> 600,000 (too many plts and risk for clotting> 1 mill)
thrombocytosis
42
what are the RBC indices
MVC
RDW
MCH
MCHC
43
shape of RBC is known as
MCV
44
size of RBC is known as
RDW
45
average weight of hemoglobin within a single RBC is known as
MCH
46
% of hemoglobin within a single RBC is known as
MCHC
47
watch pt with low Hgb closely bc they are at increase risk of
angina, MI, CHF, and stroke
48
RBC indices are used to classify
anemias
49
what are the 6 differential WBC count
1. neutrophils
2. bands
3. lymphocytes
4. monocytes
5. eosinophils
6. basophils
50
neutrophils indicate
bacterial
51
bands indicate
immature wbc- bacterial
52
lymphocytes indicate
viral
53
monocytes indicate
fungal
54
eosinophils indicate
allergic reactions, autoimmune disorders
55
basophil indicates
cancer
56
the basic metabolic panels (BMP) measure the status of
acid/base balance
blood glucose
electrolyte balance
kidney function
57
the complete metabolic panels (CMP) measure status of
BMP plus: liver function, blood proteins
58
what labs show kidney function
BUN and creatinine
59
what are the normal values for sodium
135-145 meq/L
60
what are the normal values for potassium
3.5-5.1 mmol/L
61
what are the normal values for chloride
99-112 mmol/L
62
what are the normal values for calcium
8.5-10.0 mg/dl
63
what are the normal values for glucose
76-106 mg/dl
64
what are the normal values for BUN
7-21 mg/dl
65
what are the normal values for creatinine
0.6-1.3 mg/dl
66
what lab is most commonly used in the evaluation of diabetic patients
glucose
67
what are some interfering factors of glucose levels
stress, caffeine, pregnancy, IV fluids, drugs can increase or decrease
68
what are S/S of hypoglycemia
confusion, tachycardia, coma, restelss, tremors, personality change, seizures, appears drunk
69
what are S/S of hyperglycemia
polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, hypotensive, headache, drowsy, lethargic, hyporeflexia, muscle weakness, hot dry flushed skin, acetone breath, kussmauls breathing
70
test used to monitor diabetes and or treatment of diabetes
Hgb A1c and tells the physician the patient's average blood glucose level over the last few months
71
non diabetic level would be
4%-5.9%
72
good diabetic control level would be
<7%
73
fair diabetic control level would be
8%-9%
74
poor diabetic control
>9%
75
a Hgb A1c level of > 6.5 means
person has diabetes
76
what can affect the color in a urinalysis
over hydration
ETOH
dehydration
foods
77
what lab values should be NEGATIVE in a urinalysis
glucose, ketones, bilirubin, blood, protein and urobilinogen, nitrate, leukocytes, bacteria
78
what should the pH be in a urinalysis
5-8 (slightly acidic)
79
if blood is positive in urine it could indicate
hemoglobinuria
myoglobinuria
hematuria
kidney stones
80
if ketones are positive in urinalysis it could indicate
diabetes and ETOH, decreased carb intake
81
if nitrate is positive in urinalysis it could indicate
significant bacteria and or infection
82
if bacteria is present in urinalysis it could indicate a
UTI
83
what are 3 types of to look at a urinalysis
gross (color and appearance), dipstick and microscopic
84
a urinalysis provides info about
kidneys and metabolic processes
85
urinalysis is frequently used for testing
UTIs
86
what is the norm level for sodium
134-145 meq/L
87
sodium is the major cation in the
Extracellular space
88
sodium is the balance between ______ intake and ______ excretion
dietary; renal
89
increased sodium levels=
(hypernatremia) increase intake, decreased sodium loss, increase water loss, pt restless, can't drink enough
90
decreased sodium levels =
(hyponatremia) decrease in sodium intake, increase sodium loss, increase free body water, pt increase of weight, not easy to arouse, pulse is elevated, BP is low
91
what are the potassium normal levels
3.5-5.1 mmol/L
92
potassium is the major cation within the ______ and is important for ____ ______/ _____ _______
cell: nerve conduction/acid base
93
increased potassium levels indicate
((hyperkalemia) excessive intake, acidosis, renal failure, addison disease, dehydration
94
decreased potassium levels indicate
(hypokalemia) deficient intake, birns, hyperaldosteroneism, cushing syndrome, RTA, licorice ingestion, alkalosis, renal artery stenosis and pt is lethargic, thirsty, muscle irritability, cramping, EKG changes
95
potassium levels are important in telling us about
cardiac issues
96
what is the normal lab value for Chloride
98-108 mEq/L
97
increased Cl could mean
(hyperchloremia); dehydration, metabolic acidosis, RTA, cushing syndrome, renal dysfunction, resp alkolosis, hyperparathyroidism
98
decreased Cl could mean
(hypochloremia); overhydration, CHF, chronic resp acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, addisons disease, aldosteroneism, V/prolonged gastric suction, hypokalemia
99
Cl lab values can give an indication of acid base balance and
hydration status
100
interfering factors of Cl are
excessive infusions of saline drugs
101
chloride maintains cellular integrity via influence on
osmotic pressure, acid base balance, water balance,
102
Cl transport is passive and usually follows
sodium
103
3.6-10.8 L/uL
WBC
104
12.0-16.0 g/
HGB
105
37.0-47.0%
HCT
106
150-400 K/uL
PLT
107
134-145 meq/L
Sodium
108
3.5-5.1 mmol/L
Potassium
109
8.5-10.0 mg/dl
Ca
110
76-106 mg/dL
glucose
111
7-21 mg/dL
BUN
112
0.6-1.3 mg/dL
creatinine
113
10-43 U/L
AST
114
13-56 U/L
ALT
115
amylase should be
<130 U/L
116
lipase should be
<160 U/L
117
9.7-12.7 sec
PT/Protime
118
30-45 sec
PTT/ partial thromboplastin
119
1.0-1.5 (not on coumadin)
INR/international normalized ratio
120
if on coumadin the INR should be
2.0-3.0
